Variación temporal de metales en el agua superficial del río Monzón en Tingo María, distrito Rupa Rupa, región Huánuco
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Authors
Espiritu Limay, Cesar Gregorio
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Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación fue realizado en el tramo final de la cuenca del río Monzón cercano a la estación hidrológica Puente Bella en la ciudad de Tingo María. Los sedimentos en los ríos actúan como transportadores y reservorios de metales que reflejan la influencias naturales y antrópicas en la calidad del agua. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la variación temporal de metales del río Monzón con relación a la concentración de sedimentos en suspensión (CSS) y el caudal líquido instantáneo (Q) en los diferentes regímenes fluviales. En las nueve salidas de campo de febrero de 2020 a enero de 2023, se contó con un total de 41 participantes, de los cuales 16 fueron mujeres y 25 hombres quienes se distribuyeron en 14 universitarios, 6 egresados, 12 bachilleres y 5 titulados. Las mediciones de campo discreto (simple o puntual) semanal en ciertos meses a escala diaria horaria en el período de monitoreo del 2020 al 2023 señalan que en la temporada de creciente (enero a marzo), a diferencia de la temporada de vaciante (julio a setiembre) y las épocas de transición (octubre a diciembre y abril a junio), el río Monzón registra mayores concentraciones de metales y sedimentos en suspensión que exceden la normativa nacional de los Estándares de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para Agua del 2017. El aluminio y hierro predominan en la forma suspendida en la época transición y temporada creciente (mayores caudales), mientras que metales como el manganeso, plomo, níquel, cromo, cobre, bario, entre otros, predominan en la fase suspendida en la temporada de creciente. La variación temporal de la concentración de metales (CMe) del río Monzón está relacionada con la CSS (R2 > 0,65) y Q (R2 > 0,75), por lo que pueden ser mejor estimados el aluminio, plomo, zinc y berilio con la CSS; el manganeso, cobalto, cromo, bario, cobre, níquel y litio con el Q; en tanto que, el hierro puede ser estimado de igual manera por ambas variables (CSS y Q). La CMe en la sección transversal del tramo final del río Monzón mantiene la relación temporal con la CSS y el Q para ambas márgenes; por tanto, los sedimentos suspendidos tienen la misma composición mineral debido a la mezcla del material fino por la turbulencia y no se alteran por las actividades recreativas y la afluencia del río Bella por la margen derecha. La variación temporal de metales está relacionada con los procesos hidrológicos que ocurren en diversas partes de la cuenca debido a las precipitaciones que erosionan las montañas con una alta a muy alta pérdida de suelos, lo que genera cambios en la CSS, que contiene metales en la proporción consistente con la composición geoquímica de la superficie terrestre, de acuerdo con el Q de los distintos regímenes fluviales.
This research work was conducted in the final part of the Monzón river basin close to the Puente Bella hydrological station in Tingo María City. River sediments act as transporters and reservoirs of metals, reflecting both natural and anthropogenic influences on water quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal variation of metals in the Monzón river in relation to the suspended sediments concentrations (SSC) and instantaneous liquid flow (Q) in the different river regimes. During the nine field campaigns conducted from February 2020 to January 2023, a total of 41 participants were involved, including 16 women and 25 men, distributed among 14 university students, six graduates, 12 bachelor's degree holders, and five professionals. Discrete (single or point) weekly field measurements in certain months on a daily-hourly scale during the monitoring period from 2020 to 2023 indicate that during the flood season (January to March), unlike the low season (July to September) and transition periods (October to December and April to June), the Monzón river registers higher concentrations of metals and suspended sediments that exceed the national regulation from environmental quality guideline (EQG) for Water in 2017. Aluminum and iron predominate in the suspended form during the transition periods and flood season (higher flows), while metals such as manganese, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, and barium, among others, predominate in the suspended phase during the flood season. The temporal variation of metals concentrations (CMe) in the Monzón River is related to SSC (R2 > 0,65) and Q (R2 > 0,75), with aluminum, lead, zinc, and beryllium being better estimated with CSS, and manganese, cobalt, chromium, barium, copper, nickel, and lithium with Q; meanwhile, iron can be equally estimated by both variables (SSC and Q). The CMe in the cross-section of the final part of the Monzón River keep the relationship with the SCC and Q for both riversides; therefore, the suspended sediments have the same mineral composition due to the mixing of fine material by the turbulence and not altered by recreational activities and the inflow of the Bella River on the right bank. The temporal variation of metals is related to the hydrological processes in diverse parts of the river basin driven by precipitation intensities that erode the mountains with high to very high loss of soil, resulting in changes from the SSC, which transport metals in proportions consistent with the geochemical composition of the terrestrial surface, according to Q of the distinct river regimes.
This research work was conducted in the final part of the Monzón river basin close to the Puente Bella hydrological station in Tingo María City. River sediments act as transporters and reservoirs of metals, reflecting both natural and anthropogenic influences on water quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal variation of metals in the Monzón river in relation to the suspended sediments concentrations (SSC) and instantaneous liquid flow (Q) in the different river regimes. During the nine field campaigns conducted from February 2020 to January 2023, a total of 41 participants were involved, including 16 women and 25 men, distributed among 14 university students, six graduates, 12 bachelor's degree holders, and five professionals. Discrete (single or point) weekly field measurements in certain months on a daily-hourly scale during the monitoring period from 2020 to 2023 indicate that during the flood season (January to March), unlike the low season (July to September) and transition periods (October to December and April to June), the Monzón river registers higher concentrations of metals and suspended sediments that exceed the national regulation from environmental quality guideline (EQG) for Water in 2017. Aluminum and iron predominate in the suspended form during the transition periods and flood season (higher flows), while metals such as manganese, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, and barium, among others, predominate in the suspended phase during the flood season. The temporal variation of metals concentrations (CMe) in the Monzón River is related to SSC (R2 > 0,65) and Q (R2 > 0,75), with aluminum, lead, zinc, and beryllium being better estimated with CSS, and manganese, cobalt, chromium, barium, copper, nickel, and lithium with Q; meanwhile, iron can be equally estimated by both variables (SSC and Q). The CMe in the cross-section of the final part of the Monzón River keep the relationship with the SCC and Q for both riversides; therefore, the suspended sediments have the same mineral composition due to the mixing of fine material by the turbulence and not altered by recreational activities and the inflow of the Bella River on the right bank. The temporal variation of metals is related to the hydrological processes in diverse parts of the river basin driven by precipitation intensities that erode the mountains with high to very high loss of soil, resulting in changes from the SSC, which transport metals in proportions consistent with the geochemical composition of the terrestrial surface, according to Q of the distinct river regimes.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas
Keywords
Estándares de calidad ambiental
Citation
Date
2025
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