La arveja como cultivo temporal para el establecimiento de una pastura de gramíneas y leguminosas
Authors
Rojas Egoavil, Jeam David
Abstract
Esta investigación se condujo en la Estación del IVITA Mantaro de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, en la Región Junín. Los objetivos fueron: (a) Determinar el efecto del cultivo de arveja como cultivo temporal, en el establecimiento de una pastura asociada (Gramíneas con leguminosas), en el valle del Mantaro; (b) Determinar la diversidad y el efecto de las malezas en el establecimiento de la pasturas asociada, en el valle del Mantaro; y (c) Determinar la sustentabilidad de la incorporación de la arveja como cultivo temporal, durante el establecimiento de la pastura asociada, sembrada en el valle del Mantaro. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 (establecimiento de la pastura asociada, con deshierbo manual y sin arveja; T2 (establecimiento de la pastura asociada, sin deshierbo manual y sin arveja y T3 (establecimiento de la pastura asociada, sin deshierbo manual y con arveja). Los tratamientos se dispusieron en un diseño de bloques completos al azar, con tres repeticiones. En cada una de las parcelas se sembró la pastura asociada (Gramíneas con leguminosas), en cantidades equivalentes a 10 kg ha-1 de Lolium multiflorum, Var. “Tama”, 10 kg ha-1 de Lolium x boucheanum Var. “Belinda”, 5 kg ha-1 de Medicago sativa Var. “SW8210” y 3 kg ha-1 de Trifolium pratense Var. “Quiñequeli”. En el tratamiento T3, previo a la siembra de la pastura asociada, se sembró al voleo el equivalente a 50 kg ha-1 de arveja Var. “INIA 103-Remate”. Se evaluó la composición botánica de las pasturas, a los 120 días después de la siembra, encontrándose que la población de malezas en T2, que fue de 21.63% por la ausencia de deshierbo manual, se redujo a 13.85% en T3, lo cual indica que la arveja compitió ventajosamente con las malezas. Al efectuarse el análisis económico, se determinó que la utilidad neta por la venta de arveja a los 120 días, cubre los costos del establecimiento de la pastura asociada. Las malezas de las familias Asteraceae y Poaceae registraron el mayor número y riqueza de especies, mientras que la familia Brassicaceae registró la más alta abundancia, durante el establecimiento de la pastura asociada en el valle del Mantaro. Las especies más importantes, según el Índice de Valor de Importancia fueron: Brassica rapa subsp. campestris , Avena sativa y Medicago polymorpha. Se concluye que la incorporación de la arveja como cultivo temporal durante el establecimiento de una pastura asociada, es una práctica sustentable para el valle del Mantaro.
This research was conducted at the IVITA Mantaro station of the National University of San Marcos, in the Junín Region. The objectives were: (a) To determine the effect of pea cultivation as a temporary crop in the establishment of an associated pasture (Gramineae with legumes) in the Mantaro valley; (b) To determine the diversity and effect of weeds in the establishment of the associated pasture in the Mantaro valley; and (c) To determine the sustainability of the incorporation of the pea as a temporary crop, during the establishment of the associated pasture, seeded in the Mantaro valley. The treatments were: T1 (establishment of the associated pasture, with manual weeding and without pea), T2 (establishment of the associated pasture, without weeding, nor pea) and T3 (establishment of the associated pasture, without manual weeding, seeded with pea). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. In each plot the associated pasture (Gramineae with legumes) was seeded, in amounts equivalent to 10 kg ha-1 of Lolium multiflorum, Var. “Tama”, 10 kg ha-1 of Lolium x boucheanum Var. “Belinda”, 5 kg ha-1 of Medicago sativa Var. “SW8210” and 3 kg ha-1 of Trifolium pratense Var. “Quiñequeli” In treatment T3, prior to planting of the associated pasture, the equivalent of 50 kg ha-1 of pea Var. “INIA103Remate” was broadcasted. The botanical composition of the pastures was evaluated at 120 days after sowing. It was found that weed population in T2, which was 21.63% by the absence of manual weeding, was reduced to 13.85% in T3, which indicates that the pea competed advantageously with the weeds. When the economic analysis was carried out, it was determined that the net profit from the sale of peas at 120 days, covers the costs of establishing the associated pasture. Weeds of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families recorded the highest number and richness of species, while the Brassicaceae family recorded the highest abundance during the establishment of the associated pasture in the Mantaro Valley. The most important species, according to the Importance Value Index were: Brassica rapa subsp. campestris, Avena sativa and Medicago polymorpha. It is concluded that the incorporation of pea as a temporary crop during the establishment of an associated pasture is a sustainable practice for the Mantaro valley.
This research was conducted at the IVITA Mantaro station of the National University of San Marcos, in the Junín Region. The objectives were: (a) To determine the effect of pea cultivation as a temporary crop in the establishment of an associated pasture (Gramineae with legumes) in the Mantaro valley; (b) To determine the diversity and effect of weeds in the establishment of the associated pasture in the Mantaro valley; and (c) To determine the sustainability of the incorporation of the pea as a temporary crop, during the establishment of the associated pasture, seeded in the Mantaro valley. The treatments were: T1 (establishment of the associated pasture, with manual weeding and without pea), T2 (establishment of the associated pasture, without weeding, nor pea) and T3 (establishment of the associated pasture, without manual weeding, seeded with pea). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. In each plot the associated pasture (Gramineae with legumes) was seeded, in amounts equivalent to 10 kg ha-1 of Lolium multiflorum, Var. “Tama”, 10 kg ha-1 of Lolium x boucheanum Var. “Belinda”, 5 kg ha-1 of Medicago sativa Var. “SW8210” and 3 kg ha-1 of Trifolium pratense Var. “Quiñequeli” In treatment T3, prior to planting of the associated pasture, the equivalent of 50 kg ha-1 of pea Var. “INIA103Remate” was broadcasted. The botanical composition of the pastures was evaluated at 120 days after sowing. It was found that weed population in T2, which was 21.63% by the absence of manual weeding, was reduced to 13.85% in T3, which indicates that the pea competed advantageously with the weeds. When the economic analysis was carried out, it was determined that the net profit from the sale of peas at 120 days, covers the costs of establishing the associated pasture. Weeds of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families recorded the highest number and richness of species, while the Brassicaceae family recorded the highest abundance during the establishment of the associated pasture in the Mantaro Valley. The most important species, according to the Importance Value Index were: Brassica rapa subsp. campestris, Avena sativa and Medicago polymorpha. It is concluded that the incorporation of pea as a temporary crop during the establishment of an associated pasture is a sustainable practice for the Mantaro valley.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Agricultura Sustentable
Keywords
Pisum Sativum; Manejo del cultivo; Pastizales; Leguminosas forrajeras; Gramíneas forrajeras; Cultivos asociados; Características agronómicas; Malezas; Escarda; Experimentación en campo; Análisis económico; Perú; Valle del Mantaro; Junín (Dpto)
Citation
Date
2017
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