Sustentabilidad de los sistemas de producción de Maca (Lepidium meyenii W.) con y sin certificación orgánica en la meseta del Bombón
Authors
Lapa Chanca, Anghely Rosario
Abstract
La maca (Lepidium meyenii W.), es un cultivo que crece en condiciones ambientales extremas, típicas de la Cordillera de los Andes cuyo centro de origen y de mayor producción es la Meseta del Bombón. La producción en general ha mostrado altibajos. En la campaña del 2013-2014, por la intervención de inversionistas asiáticos se desestabilizaron muchos aspectos y especialmente los precios en el mercado local, nacional e internacional. Con antecedentes como los mencionados, la presente investigación, realizada en localidades de la Meseta del Bombón, específicamente en los distritos de Junín, Carhuamayo, Óndores y San Pedro de Cajas, en la región Junín, y en los distritos de Ninacaca, Vicco y Huayllay, en la región Pasco, con el propósito de alcanzar los siguientes objetivos: 1. Caracterizar los sistemas de producción de maca; 2. Evaluar la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de producción del cultivo de maca con y sin certificación; y 3. Caracterizar la cadena de comercialización de los productores de maca. Se caracterizó dos sistemas de producción donde se incluyó variables en las dimensiones económicas, sociales y ambientales, obteniendo información de fuentes primarias y secundarias, posteriormente la información se analizó empleando técnicas estadísticas, tipificando e identificando tres grupos de productores. Los indicadores de sostenibilidad demostraron que el sistema de producción orgánica es sostenible presentando un índice de sostenibilidad general de 2.46, mientras que el sistema de producción convencional no es sostenible obteniendo un índice de sostenibilidad general de 2.15 en el que la dimensión económica no supera el valor mínimo establecido. Finalmente, se identificaron y se describen cinco eslabones en la cadena de comercialización (producción, transformación, intermediación, distribución y consumo).
Maca (Lepidium meyenii W.) is a crop that grows in extreme environmental conditions, typical of the Andes Mountains, whose center of origin and major production is the Meseta del Bombón. Production in general has shown ups and downs. In the 2013-2014 season, due to the intervention of Asian investors, many aspects were destabilized, especially prices in the local, national and international markets. With background such as those mentioned, the present research, carried out in localities of the Bombón Plateau, specifically in the districts of Junín, Carhuamayo, Óndores and San Pedro de Cajas, in the Junín region, and in the districts of Ninacaca, Vicco and Huayllay, in the Pasco region, with the purpose of achieving the following objectives: 1. To characterize the maca production systems; 2. To evaluate the sustainability of maca crop production systems with and without certification; and 3. To characterize the commercialization chain of maca producers. Two production systems were characterized, including variables in the economic, social and environmental dimensions, obtaining information from primary and secondary sources, and then the information was analyzed using statistical techniques, typifying and identifying three groups of producers. The sustainability indicators showed that the organic production system is sustainable, presenting an overall sustainability index of 2.46, while the conventional production system is not sustainable, obtaining an overall sustainability index of 2.15 in which the economic dimension does not exceed the minimum value established. Finally, five links in the marketing chain (production, processing, intermediation, distribution and consumption) were identified and described.
Maca (Lepidium meyenii W.) is a crop that grows in extreme environmental conditions, typical of the Andes Mountains, whose center of origin and major production is the Meseta del Bombón. Production in general has shown ups and downs. In the 2013-2014 season, due to the intervention of Asian investors, many aspects were destabilized, especially prices in the local, national and international markets. With background such as those mentioned, the present research, carried out in localities of the Bombón Plateau, specifically in the districts of Junín, Carhuamayo, Óndores and San Pedro de Cajas, in the Junín region, and in the districts of Ninacaca, Vicco and Huayllay, in the Pasco region, with the purpose of achieving the following objectives: 1. To characterize the maca production systems; 2. To evaluate the sustainability of maca crop production systems with and without certification; and 3. To characterize the commercialization chain of maca producers. Two production systems were characterized, including variables in the economic, social and environmental dimensions, obtaining information from primary and secondary sources, and then the information was analyzed using statistical techniques, typifying and identifying three groups of producers. The sustainability indicators showed that the organic production system is sustainable, presenting an overall sustainability index of 2.46, while the conventional production system is not sustainable, obtaining an overall sustainability index of 2.15 in which the economic dimension does not exceed the minimum value established. Finally, five links in the marketing chain (production, processing, intermediation, distribution and consumption) were identified and described.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Agricultura Sustentable
Keywords
Lepidium meyenii; Manejo del cultivo; Sostenibilidad; Fenología; Sistemas de explotación; Análisis económico; Sustentabilidad; Reglamentaciones; Certificación; Control de calidad; Inspección orgánica; Certificación orgánica
Citation
Date
2021
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess