El sílice en el desarrollo del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Katia bajo condiciones de salinidad en invernadero
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Authors
Anay Blas, Lizeth Jeydi
Abstract
El estudio se realizó en el Laboratorio e Invernadero de Fertilidad del Suelo de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Se obtuvo un suelo arena de baja concentración salina, luego del secado y tamizado, esta arena fue colocada en macetas que fueron preparadas de acuerdo con los tratamientos. Fue usada la sal común (NaCl) aplicada en solución (riegos) de acuerdo con los cálculos y con el tratamiento. Se emplearon 64 plántulas de tomate de 3 pares de hojas verdaderas. Los plantines de tomate se trasplantaron una semana después de aplicar los tratamientos de salinización. La aplicación del Si se fraccionó en dos, la primera se realizó una semana después del trasplante y la segunda se realizó cinco semanas luego del trasplante de los tomates. Se consideraron 16 tratamientos en total con 4 repeticiones. Según los resultados obtenidos, la salinidad causó un efecto negativo en el desarrollo del tomate, tanto en la fenología (hoja, raíz, fruto, altura de la planta) como en el acumulo de sodio (Na+), cloro (Cl-), y en la absorción de potasio (K+). El uso de Si actúo como remediador del estrés salino del tomate, su uso causó un efecto positivo en las variables estudiadas, ya que se observa un aumento del peso seco de hojas, raíces y frutos con el aumento de silicio en altas concentraciones de salinidad. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron, para peso seco de hojas, raíces y fruto y acumulo de Na+ y Cl- en dosis de 43,7 mmol de silicio y 2,5 dS/m de salinidad, es decir, el silicio actúa a niveles bajos de salinidad, entre 2,5 y 3,1 dS/m. Para absorción de K+ en hojas y frutos, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con 10,9 mmol de silicio y hasta 3,1 dS/m de salinidad.
The study was carried out in the Soil Fertility Laboratory and Greenhouse of the National Agrarian University La Molina. A sandy soil with a low saline concentration was obtained. After drying and sieving, this sand was placed in pots that were prepared according to the treatments. Common salt (NaCl) applied in solution (irrigation) was used according to the calculations and treatment. 64 tomato seedlings with 3 pairs of true leaves were used. The tomato seedlings were transplanted one week after applying the salinization treatments. The application of Si was divided into two, the first was carried out one week after transplanting and the second was carried out five weeks after transplanting the tomatoes. A total of 16 treatments with 4 repetitions were considered. According to the results obtained, salinity caused a negative effect on tomato development, both in phenology (leaf, root, fruit, plant height) and in the accumulation of sodium (Na+), chlorine (Cl-), and in the absorption of potassium (K+). The use of Si acted as a remediator of salt stress in tomato, its use caused a positive effect on the variables studied, since an increase in the dry weight of leaves, roots and fruits is observed with the increase of silicon in high salinity concentrations. The best results were obtained for dry weight of leaves, roots and fruit and accumulation of Na+ and Cl- at doses of 43.7 mmol of silicon and 2.5 dS/m of salinity, that is, silicon acts at low salinity levels, between 2.5 and 3.1 dS/m. For K+ absorption in leaves and fruits, the best results were obtained with 10.9 mmol of silicon and up to 3.1 dS/m of salinity.
The study was carried out in the Soil Fertility Laboratory and Greenhouse of the National Agrarian University La Molina. A sandy soil with a low saline concentration was obtained. After drying and sieving, this sand was placed in pots that were prepared according to the treatments. Common salt (NaCl) applied in solution (irrigation) was used according to the calculations and treatment. 64 tomato seedlings with 3 pairs of true leaves were used. The tomato seedlings were transplanted one week after applying the salinization treatments. The application of Si was divided into two, the first was carried out one week after transplanting and the second was carried out five weeks after transplanting the tomatoes. A total of 16 treatments with 4 repetitions were considered. According to the results obtained, salinity caused a negative effect on tomato development, both in phenology (leaf, root, fruit, plant height) and in the accumulation of sodium (Na+), chlorine (Cl-), and in the absorption of potassium (K+). The use of Si acted as a remediator of salt stress in tomato, its use caused a positive effect on the variables studied, since an increase in the dry weight of leaves, roots and fruits is observed with the increase of silicon in high salinity concentrations. The best results were obtained for dry weight of leaves, roots and fruit and accumulation of Na+ and Cl- at doses of 43.7 mmol of silicon and 2.5 dS/m of salinity, that is, silicon acts at low salinity levels, between 2.5 and 3.1 dS/m. For K+ absorption in leaves and fruits, the best results were obtained with 10.9 mmol of silicon and up to 3.1 dS/m of salinity.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Suelos
Keywords
Estrés salino
Citation
Date
2024
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