Influencia de la germinación sobre los azúcares reductores en Quinua y su efecto en los atributos tecnológicos del pan
Authors
Peña Abregú, Ashley Arlett
Abstract
Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron evaluar el tiempo de germinación en el cual se generó el mayor contenido de azúcares reductores (AR) en dos variedades de quinua y determinar el porcentaje de harina de quinua germinada (HQG) en panes que tuviera tanto una buena aceptación sensorial (color, olor, sabor y textura) como atributos tecnológicos aceptables (volumen específico (VE), esfuerzo requerido para la deformación (ER) y color similares o superiores a los de un pan cien por ciento harina de trigo). La investigación se desarrolló en tres etapas; en la primera, dos variedades de quinua se germinaron a seis diferentes tiempos (8, 16, 24, 32, 40 y 48 h) y se determinó el contenido de AR mediante el método de colorimetría del ácido dinitrosalicílico. Los resultados mostraron que durante la germinación se generaron AR por hidrólisis del almidón (principalmente), teniendo a la quinua germinada Pasankalla (QGP) por 32 h como la variedad que generó el mayor contenido de AR (19.62 g glucosa/100 g de quinua) respecto a la quinua germinada Negra Collana 32 h, a un nivel de significancia de 95%. En la segunda etapa, se molió la QGP y se elaboraron panes con tres niveles de sustitución de HQG (15, 20 y 25%), y un Control, determinándoseles los atributos tecnológicos ya mencionados y evaluación sensorial (prueba de aceptabilidad seguida de preferencia pareada). Como resultado de esta etapa, se determinó que el pan con 20 por ciento de HQG fue el mejor, puesto que tuvo una buena aceptación sensorial y, además presentó VE=2.37 mL/g, ER=429.66 gf y color aceptable. Finalmente, la tercera etapa consistió en caracterizar este tratamiento mediante análisis fisicoquímicos, compuestos fenólicos totales y análisis de perfil de textura. La aplicación de HQG en niveles de sustitución de 20% permitió obtener panes con buenos atributos de calidad y sensoriales.
The aims of this research were to evaluate the germination time in which the highest content of reducing sugars (RS) was generated in two varieties of quinoa and to determine the percentage of sprouted quinoa flour (SQF) in breads that had both sensory good acceptance (color, smell, taste and texture) and acceptable technological attributes (specific volume (SV), strain required for deformation (SD) and color similar to or greater than those of hundred percent wheat flour bread). The research was developed in three stages; in the first, two varieties of quinoa were sprouted at six different times (8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 h) and the RS content was determined by the colorimetry method of dinitrosalicylic acid. The results showed that during germination, RS were generated by starch hydrolysis (mainly), taking sprouted quinoa Pasankalla (SQP) for 32 h as the variety that generated the highest content of RS (19.62 g glucose / 100 g quinoa) in regard to the sprouted quinoa Negra Collana 32 h, at a level of significance of 95%. In the second stage, the SQP was milled and breads were made with three levels of SQF substitution (15, 20 and 25%), and a Control, determining them the technological attributes already mentioned and sensory evaluation. (acceptability test followed by paired preference test). As a result of this stage, it was determined that the bread with 20 % SQF was the best, since it had a good sensory acceptance and also presented SV = 2.37 mL / g, SD = 429.66 gf and acceptable color. Finally, the third stage was to characterize this treatment with physicochemical analysis, total phenolic compounds and texture profile analysis. The application of SQF in substitution levels of 20% allowed to obtain breads with good quality and sensory attributes.
The aims of this research were to evaluate the germination time in which the highest content of reducing sugars (RS) was generated in two varieties of quinoa and to determine the percentage of sprouted quinoa flour (SQF) in breads that had both sensory good acceptance (color, smell, taste and texture) and acceptable technological attributes (specific volume (SV), strain required for deformation (SD) and color similar to or greater than those of hundred percent wheat flour bread). The research was developed in three stages; in the first, two varieties of quinoa were sprouted at six different times (8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 h) and the RS content was determined by the colorimetry method of dinitrosalicylic acid. The results showed that during germination, RS were generated by starch hydrolysis (mainly), taking sprouted quinoa Pasankalla (SQP) for 32 h as the variety that generated the highest content of RS (19.62 g glucose / 100 g quinoa) in regard to the sprouted quinoa Negra Collana 32 h, at a level of significance of 95%. In the second stage, the SQP was milled and breads were made with three levels of SQF substitution (15, 20 and 25%), and a Control, determining them the technological attributes already mentioned and sensory evaluation. (acceptability test followed by paired preference test). As a result of this stage, it was determined that the bread with 20 % SQF was the best, since it had a good sensory acceptance and also presented SV = 2.37 mL / g, SD = 429.66 gf and acceptable color. Finally, the third stage was to characterize this treatment with physicochemical analysis, total phenolic compounds and texture profile analysis. The application of SQF in substitution levels of 20% allowed to obtain breads with good quality and sensory attributes.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Chenopodium quinoa; Quinua; Semillas; Germinación; Tratamiento de semillas; Procesamiento de alimentos; Azúcares; Harina de quinua; Pan
Citation
Date
2020
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