Propiedades fisicoquímicas y funcionales de almidones de cinco variedades de papas nativas cultivadas en Chinchero Cusco
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Autores
Pozo Pucutay, Diego Alonso
Resumen
En el Perú existe una gran variedad de papas nativas, las cuales casi en su totalidad, son usadas para el autoconsumo de los agricultores o para venta local; por lo cual, en esta investigación se evaluaron los almidones obtenidos de cinco variedades de papas nativas de Cusco, para darles valor agregado y un posible uso comercial. Se emplearon papas nativas de Chinchero (Cusco, Perú), cuyos nombres científicos es el mismo para todos Solanum tuberosum andigenum, y estos son: Puka q´eracco, Saylla siray, Sani imilla, Yuraq misti maqtillo y Valentín Huancco, y se determinaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas, estructurales y funcionales de sus almidones. La extracción del almidón se realizó empleando un sistema de hidrociclones para separar los sólidos de los líquidos aprovechando la diferencia de pesos específicos y tamaños de partículas. El rendimiento de extracción varió entre 7,95–15,79%. Los almidones presentaron bajos contenidos de proteína (0,10,44%) y grasa (0,030,05%), que no fueron detectadas con el análisis por FTIR; y, además, los almidones presentaron fibra (0,180,62%). El contenido de fósforo y de amilosa aparente de los almidones estuvieron en el rango de 663,94–954,34 ppm, y 26,60–35,60%, respectivamente. El almidón Yuraq misti maqtillo presentó la cristalinidad más baja (26,6%) y un alto contenido de amilosa (33,9%). La distribución de tamaño de partícula de los almidones fue bimodal, y el almidón Valentín Huancco presentó la distribución más estrecha (1352 nm). La menor sinéresis en refrigeración y congelación la presentó el almidón Puka q´eracco; mientras que, el almidón Saylla siray presentó la mayor claridad. Los almidones Saylla siray y Valentín Huancco presentaron los mayores valores de poder de hinchamiento, el índice de absorción y la solubilidad, los cuales incrementaron con el aumento de temperatura. El almidón Saylla siray presentó las menores temperaturas de gelatinización. Los geles de los almidones presentaron un comportamiento de flujo de naturaleza pseudoplástica (<1), y se ajustaron al modelo Herschel-Bulkley (R2>0,99), y el estudio del comportamiento viscoelástico demostró un predominio del módulo de almacenamiento (G') sobre el de pérdida (G").
In Peru there is a great variety of native potatoes, almost all of which are used for self-consumption by farmers or for local sale; therefore, in this research the starches obtained from five native potatoes varieties from Cusco were evaluated, to give them added value and a possible commercial use. Native potatoes from Chinchero (Cusco, Peru), whose scientific names are the same for all Solanum tuberosum andigenum, were used: Puka q'eracco, Saylla siray, Sani imilla, Yuraq misti maquillo and Valentín Huancco, and the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of their starches were determined. The starch extraction was carried out using a hydrocyclone system to separate the solids from the liquids, taking advantage of the difference in specific weights and particle sizes. The extraction yield ranged between 7,95–15,79%. Starches showed low protein (0,10,44%) and fat (0,030,05%) contents, which were not detected with the FTIR analysis; and also, the starches presented fiber (0,180,62%). The phosphorus and apparent amylose content of the starches were in the range of 663,94–954,34 ppm, and 26,60–35,60%, respectively. The Yuraq misti maqtillo starch showed the lowest crystallinity (26,6%) and a high content of amylose (33,9%). The particle size distribution of the starches was bimodal, and the Valentin Huancco starch had the narrowest distribution (1352 nm). The lowest syneresis in refrigeration and freezing was presented by the Puka q'eracco starch; while Saylla siray starch presented the highest clarity. The Saylla siray and Valentín Huanco starches had the highest swelling power, absorption and solubility index, which increased with increasing temperature. Saylla siray starch showed the lowest gelatinization temperatures. The starch gels showed a pseudoplastic behavior ( <1), and was adjusted to the Herschel-Bulkley model (R2>0,99), and the study of the viscoelastic behavior denoted a predominance of the storage modulus (G') over the loss modulus (G").
In Peru there is a great variety of native potatoes, almost all of which are used for self-consumption by farmers or for local sale; therefore, in this research the starches obtained from five native potatoes varieties from Cusco were evaluated, to give them added value and a possible commercial use. Native potatoes from Chinchero (Cusco, Peru), whose scientific names are the same for all Solanum tuberosum andigenum, were used: Puka q'eracco, Saylla siray, Sani imilla, Yuraq misti maquillo and Valentín Huancco, and the physicochemical, structural and functional properties of their starches were determined. The starch extraction was carried out using a hydrocyclone system to separate the solids from the liquids, taking advantage of the difference in specific weights and particle sizes. The extraction yield ranged between 7,95–15,79%. Starches showed low protein (0,10,44%) and fat (0,030,05%) contents, which were not detected with the FTIR analysis; and also, the starches presented fiber (0,180,62%). The phosphorus and apparent amylose content of the starches were in the range of 663,94–954,34 ppm, and 26,60–35,60%, respectively. The Yuraq misti maqtillo starch showed the lowest crystallinity (26,6%) and a high content of amylose (33,9%). The particle size distribution of the starches was bimodal, and the Valentin Huancco starch had the narrowest distribution (1352 nm). The lowest syneresis in refrigeration and freezing was presented by the Puka q'eracco starch; while Saylla siray starch presented the highest clarity. The Saylla siray and Valentín Huanco starches had the highest swelling power, absorption and solubility index, which increased with increasing temperature. Saylla siray starch showed the lowest gelatinization temperatures. The starch gels showed a pseudoplastic behavior ( <1), and was adjusted to the Herschel-Bulkley model (R2>0,99), and the study of the viscoelastic behavior denoted a predominance of the storage modulus (G') over the loss modulus (G").
Descripción
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias.
Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Palabras clave
almidón
Citación
Fecha
2024
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess