Diversidad de especies de Colletotrichum spp. asociado a la antracnosis del palto en el Perú
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Authors
Pozo Garcia, Karin Guadalupe
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Abstract
Perú es el segundo mayor exportador mundial de Persea americana cv. 'Hass', lo que convierte al cultivo en un componente clave de la economía agrícola nacional. La antracnosis, causada por Colletotrichum spp., constituye una limitante fitosanitaria crítica que compromete la calidad del fruto y su valor comercial; no obstante, la diversidad de especies asociadas a esta enfermedad en el país permanece escasamente estudiada. Este estudio caracterizó morfológica y molecularmente aislamientos de Colletotrichum asociados a la antracnosis del palto en las principales zonas productoras del Perú. Se colectaron frutos de 12 departamentos y 5 mercados comerciales, obteniéndose 392 aislamientos, de los cuales se seleccionaron 50 representativos. La caracterización morfológica evaluó tasa de crecimiento micelial, dimensiones conidiales, color de colonia y textura del micelio. La identificación molecular empleó análisis filogenéticos multilocus de las regiones ITS, ACT, CHS-1, GAPDH y TUB2. Los aislamientos se agruparon en cuatro complejos de especies: C. gloeosporioides (72%), C. acutatum (13%), C. boninense (7,5%) y C. magnum (1,9%); tres aislamientos (5,7%) no se asociaron a complejos definidos. Colletotrichum pyrifoliae, C. aeschynomenes y C. grevilleae se reportan por primera vez en palto a nivel mundial. Colletotrichum siamense, C. alienum, C. aenigma, C. musae, C. chrysophilum, C. gloeosporioides s.s., C. godetiae, C. jiangxiense y C. karstii constituyen nuevos registros para el Perú; se confirma C. fructicola y se reportan cuatro posibles linajes nuevos (Colletotrichum sp.1–sp.4). La distribución de especies varió entre regiones naturales. La prueba de patogenicidad en el cultivar Hass confirmó la capacidad de todas las especies de este estudio para inducir lesiones de antracnosis; C. siamense, C. aeschynomenes y C. alienum mostraron mayor virulencia, mientras que C. karstii y Colletotrichum sp.1 fueron las menos virulentas. Este trabajo representa el primer reporte sistemático de Colletotrichum spp. en antracnosis del palto en el Perú.
Peru ranks as the world's second-largest exporter of Persea americana cv. 'Hass', making avocado production a key component of the national agricultural economy. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., constitutes a critical phytosanitary constraint that compromises fruit quality and commercial value; however, the diversity of species associated with this disease in the country remains poorly studied. This study morphologically and molecularly characterized Colletotrichum isolates associated with avocado anthracnose in the main producing regions of Peru. Fruit samples were collected from 12 departments and five commercial markets, yielding 392 isolates, of which 50 representative isolates were selected for characterization. Morphological assessment included mycelial growth rate, conidial dimensions, colony color, and mycelial texture. Molecular identification employed multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, ACT, CHS 1, GAPDH, and TUB2 regions. Isolates were resolved into four species complexes: C. gloeosporioides (72%), C. acutatum (13%), C. boninense (7.5%), and C. magnum (1.9%); three isolates (5.7%) remained unassigned to established complexes. Colletotrichum pyrifoliae, C. aeschynomenes, and C. grevilleae are reported for the first time on avocado worldwide. Colletotrichum siamense, C. alienum, C. aenigma, C. musae, C. chrysophilum, C. gloeosporioides s.s., C. godetiae, C. jiangxiense, and C. karstii constitute new records for Peru; C. fructicola is confirmed, and four putative novel lineages (Colletotrichum sp.1–sp.4) are reported. Species distribution varied across natural regions of the country. Pathogenicity assays on cv. Hass confirmed that all species were capable of inducing anthracnose lesions; C. siamense, C. aeschynomenes, and C. alienum exhibited the highest virulence, whereas C. karstii and Colletotrichum sp.1 were the least virulent. This work represents the first systematic report of Colletotrichum spp. associated with avocado anthracnose in Peru.
Peru ranks as the world's second-largest exporter of Persea americana cv. 'Hass', making avocado production a key component of the national agricultural economy. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., constitutes a critical phytosanitary constraint that compromises fruit quality and commercial value; however, the diversity of species associated with this disease in the country remains poorly studied. This study morphologically and molecularly characterized Colletotrichum isolates associated with avocado anthracnose in the main producing regions of Peru. Fruit samples were collected from 12 departments and five commercial markets, yielding 392 isolates, of which 50 representative isolates were selected for characterization. Morphological assessment included mycelial growth rate, conidial dimensions, colony color, and mycelial texture. Molecular identification employed multilocus phylogenetic analyses of the ITS, ACT, CHS 1, GAPDH, and TUB2 regions. Isolates were resolved into four species complexes: C. gloeosporioides (72%), C. acutatum (13%), C. boninense (7.5%), and C. magnum (1.9%); three isolates (5.7%) remained unassigned to established complexes. Colletotrichum pyrifoliae, C. aeschynomenes, and C. grevilleae are reported for the first time on avocado worldwide. Colletotrichum siamense, C. alienum, C. aenigma, C. musae, C. chrysophilum, C. gloeosporioides s.s., C. godetiae, C. jiangxiense, and C. karstii constitute new records for Peru; C. fructicola is confirmed, and four putative novel lineages (Colletotrichum sp.1–sp.4) are reported. Species distribution varied across natural regions of the country. Pathogenicity assays on cv. Hass confirmed that all species were capable of inducing anthracnose lesions; C. siamense, C. aeschynomenes, and C. alienum exhibited the highest virulence, whereas C. karstii and Colletotrichum sp.1 were the least virulent. This work represents the first systematic report of Colletotrichum spp. associated with avocado anthracnose in Peru.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Fitopatología
Keywords
Persea americana
Citation
Date
2026
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