Sustentabilidad de la ganadería en el área de influencia de la carretera Yurimaguas, Tarapoto; distritos Yurimaguas, Munichis, Loreto
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Authors
Van Heurck De Romero, Lourdes Mariella
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Abstract
En los trópicos, los pequeños agricultores enfrentan numerosas amenazas relacionadas con la producción agrícola y sus medios de vida, y los pequeños ganaderos no son la excepción. Estas amenazas incluyen malas prácticas de pastoreo y vulnerabilidad al cambio climático, originadas por su ubicación en los trópicos, así como diversas tendencias socioeconómicas, demográficas y políticas que limitan su capacidad de adaptación al cambio. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la sostenibilidad de la ganadería en Yurimaguas, región Loreto, enfocándose en los aspectos sociales, económicos y ambientales para apoyar la toma de decisiones y políticas que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad del sector. A través de un método multicriterio, se construyeron indicadores de sostenibilidad, basados en estudios de campo, muestreos de suelo y macrofauna. Se utilizó una escala de calificación de 0 a 4, considerando que la ganadería sería sostenible si el índice general de sostenibilidad (IGenS) era igual o superior a 2 y ninguno de los indicadores individuales era inferior a 2. Aunque el indicador social alcanzó el umbral de sostenibilidad, los indicadores económicos y ambientales no lo lograron, mostrando problemas como suelos degradados, falta de sistemas silvopastoriles, transporte ineficiente, bajos ingresos y escasa asociatividad. Además, se compararon los stocks de carbono en tres tipos de uso del suelo: bosque denso, pasto arbolado y pasto limpio. El bosque denso presentó un stock de carbono aéreo significativamente mayor (136.52 t/ha) que el pasto arbolado (7.82 t/ha) y el pasto limpio (1.18 t/ha), debido a la mayor biomasa de árboles. Aunque el carbono en el suelo fue relativamente uniforme, el bosque denso mostró un predominio ligero debido a la acumulación de hojarasca y materia orgánica, almacenando aproximadamente tres veces más carbono que los sistemas de pastoreo. Los resultados sugieren que, si bien algunos aspectos sociales son sostenibles, los aspectos económicos y ambientales no alcanzan los estándares de sostenibilidad. Esto resalta la necesidad urgente de implementar prácticas sostenibles, como los sistemas silvopastoriles, para mejorar el bienestar de los ganaderos y conservar el medio ambiente en la región.
In the tropics, smallholder farmers face numerous threats related to agricultural production and livelihoods, and smallholder livestock keepers are no exception. These threats include poor grazing practices and vulnerability to climate change, originating from their location in the tropics, as well as various socioeconomic, demographic and political trends that limit their capacity to adapt to change. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of livestock farming in Yurimaguas, Loreto region, focusing on social, economic and environmental aspects to support decision-making and policies that contribute to the sustainability of the sector. Using a multi-criteria method, sustainability indicators were constructed based on field studies, soil and macrofauna sampling. A rating scale of 0 to 4 was used, considering that livestock farming would be sustainable if the general sustainability index (IGenS) was equal to or higher than 2 and none of the individual indicators was lower than 2. Although the social indicator reached the sustainability threshold, the economic and environmental indicators did not, showing problems such as degraded soils, lack of silvopastoral systems, inefficient transportation, low income and low associativity. In addition, carbon stocks were compared in three types of land use: dense forest, wooded pasture and clean pasture. Dense forest presented a significantly higher aboveground carbon stock (136.52 t/ha) than wooded pasture (7.82 t/ha) and clean pasture (1.18 t/ha), due to the higher tree biomass. Although soil carbon was relatively uniform, dense forest showed a slight predominance due to the accumulation of litter and organic matter, storing approximately three times more carbon than grazing systems. The results suggest that while some social aspects are sustainable, the economic and environmental aspects fall short of sustainability standards. This highlights the urgent need to implement sustainable practices, such as silvopastoral systems, to improve the welfare of livestock farmers and conserve the environment in the region.
In the tropics, smallholder farmers face numerous threats related to agricultural production and livelihoods, and smallholder livestock keepers are no exception. These threats include poor grazing practices and vulnerability to climate change, originating from their location in the tropics, as well as various socioeconomic, demographic and political trends that limit their capacity to adapt to change. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of livestock farming in Yurimaguas, Loreto region, focusing on social, economic and environmental aspects to support decision-making and policies that contribute to the sustainability of the sector. Using a multi-criteria method, sustainability indicators were constructed based on field studies, soil and macrofauna sampling. A rating scale of 0 to 4 was used, considering that livestock farming would be sustainable if the general sustainability index (IGenS) was equal to or higher than 2 and none of the individual indicators was lower than 2. Although the social indicator reached the sustainability threshold, the economic and environmental indicators did not, showing problems such as degraded soils, lack of silvopastoral systems, inefficient transportation, low income and low associativity. In addition, carbon stocks were compared in three types of land use: dense forest, wooded pasture and clean pasture. Dense forest presented a significantly higher aboveground carbon stock (136.52 t/ha) than wooded pasture (7.82 t/ha) and clean pasture (1.18 t/ha), due to the higher tree biomass. Although soil carbon was relatively uniform, dense forest showed a slight predominance due to the accumulation of litter and organic matter, storing approximately three times more carbon than grazing systems. The results suggest that while some social aspects are sustainable, the economic and environmental aspects fall short of sustainability standards. This highlights the urgent need to implement sustainable practices, such as silvopastoral systems, to improve the welfare of livestock farmers and conserve the environment in the region.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Agricultura Sustentable
Keywords
Sostenibilidad
Citation
Date
2025
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