Producción de un biofertilizante a partir de vísceras de ganado mediante hidrólisis enzimática y fermentación homoláctica
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Authors
Rojas Torrejón, Martín
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Abstract
El trabajo propone producir un biofertilizante como alternativa para valorizar los subproductos de la industria cárnica. Para esto, se empleó una hidrólisis enzimática seguida de fermentación homoláctica durante 6 días. En el proceso se emplearon como sustratos melaza, hígados y pulmones de vacuno, inoculados con el consorcio microbiano GARLAC. Durante el mismo se evaluaron las variaciones de pH y el porcentaje de acidez láctica a lo largo del tiempo. También se evaluaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos del producto final. Así como, la concentración de nitrógeno total y los parámetros microbiológicos de los hígados y pulmones. Además, se llevó a cabo un ensayo de fitotoxicidad del biofertilizante en semillas de lechuga, evaluando el efecto mediante la determinación del índice de germinación. El biofertilizante final tuvo un pH de 3.65 y un promedio de acidez láctica de 3.36%. El nitrógeno fue el principal macronutriente. La acidificación del proceso fermentativo aseguró la eliminación de patógenos. Asimismo, mediante la prueba de fitotoxicidad se determinó que el biofertilizante al 0.1 % y al 0.01 % no genera efectos fitotóxicos. También, el biofertilizante al 0.1 % promovió la germinación de semillas de lechuga y su crecimiento radicular lográndose un índice de germinación del 108.93 %. El biofertilizante producido mostró características propias de la fermentación homoláctica, como la generación de ácido láctico, aporte de nutrientes, seguridad microbiológica y ausencia de efectos fitotóxicos.
The study proposes producing a biofertilizer as an alternative way to recover value from meat industry by-products. To this end, enzymatic hydrolysis was used, followed by homolactic fermentation for six days. Molasses, beef livers, and lungs inoculated with the GARLAC microbial consortium were used as substrates in the process. During the process, pH variations and the percentage of lactic acidity were evaluated over time. Variations in pH and the percentage of lactic acidity were analyzed throughout the process. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the final product were also evaluated, as well as the total nitrogen concentration and microbiological parameters of the livers and lungs. In addition, a phytotoxicity test of the biofertilizer was carried out on lettuce seeds, evaluating the effect by determining the germination index. The final biofertilizer had a pH of 3.65 and an average lactic acidity of 3.36%. Nitrogen was the main macronutrient. The acidification of the fermentation process ensured the elimination of pathogens. Likewise, the phytotoxicity test determined that the biofertilizer at 0.1% and 0.01% does not generate phytotoxic effects. Also, the biofertilizer at 0.1% promoted the germination of lettuce seeds and their root growth, achieving a germination rate of 108.93%. The biofertilizer produced showed characteristics typical of homolactic fermentation, such as lactic acid generation, nutrient supply, microbiological safety, and absence of phytotoxic effects.
The study proposes producing a biofertilizer as an alternative way to recover value from meat industry by-products. To this end, enzymatic hydrolysis was used, followed by homolactic fermentation for six days. Molasses, beef livers, and lungs inoculated with the GARLAC microbial consortium were used as substrates in the process. During the process, pH variations and the percentage of lactic acidity were evaluated over time. Variations in pH and the percentage of lactic acidity were analyzed throughout the process. The physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the final product were also evaluated, as well as the total nitrogen concentration and microbiological parameters of the livers and lungs. In addition, a phytotoxicity test of the biofertilizer was carried out on lettuce seeds, evaluating the effect by determining the germination index. The final biofertilizer had a pH of 3.65 and an average lactic acidity of 3.36%. Nitrogen was the main macronutrient. The acidification of the fermentation process ensured the elimination of pathogens. Likewise, the phytotoxicity test determined that the biofertilizer at 0.1% and 0.01% does not generate phytotoxic effects. Also, the biofertilizer at 0.1% promoted the germination of lettuce seeds and their root growth, achieving a germination rate of 108.93%. The biofertilizer produced showed characteristics typical of homolactic fermentation, such as lactic acid generation, nutrient supply, microbiological safety, and absence of phytotoxic effects.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Biología
Keywords
Biofertilizante
Citation
Date
2025
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