Influencia de períodos de estrés hídrico en dos cultivares de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) bajo condiciones controladas
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Authors
Reyes Samaniego, Jose Manuel
Abstract
A pesar de que el arroz es uno de los cultivos con mayor consumo de agua, métodos para incrementar la eficiencia de uso de agua no han sido ampliamente adoptados. Se desea encontrar variedades que toleren periodos de sequía manteniendo altos rendimientos. En macetas con sustrato orgánico, se establecieron dos cultivares de arroz: IR-71706 y La Capoteña, para evaluar su respuesta agronómica, fisiológica y morfológica bajo tres niveles de estrés hídrico (sin estrés, estrés leve y estrés moderado), además del consumo de agua. El rendimiento disminuyó en los tratamientos con estrés hídrico, sin diferencias significativas. En general, La Capoteña tuvo un mejor rendimiento en comparación a IR-71706 para todos los niveles de riego, siendo el número de granos por panoja el componente más importante. Dicho componente estuvo altamente correlacionado con el índice de cosecha, el porcentaje de macollos con panoja, y la eficiencia de uso de agua total (EUAt) y de grano (EUAg). En la respuesta fisiológica, los tratamientos saturados tuvieron menor SPAD y mayor cobertura del suelo, observado como plantas más amarillas y desordenadas. La EUAt y la EUAg no tuvieron diferencias significativas, a pesar de que para todos los niveles de riego La Capoteña tuvo mejor eficiencia que IR-71706. En el análisis de componentes principales, las diferencias en el cultivar fueron más determinantes que las diferencias del riego. Debido a estos resultados, se postula que es muy probable que los tratamientos saturados hayan sufrido algún tipo de estrés debido a las condiciones ocasionadas por el sustrato y la maceta, observado en las altas tasas de evapotranspiración reflejadas en la fracción transpirable del suelo.
Although rice is one of the most water-intensive crops, methods to increase water use efficiency have not been widely adopted. It is desirable to find varieties that can tolerate periods of drought while maintaining high yields. Two rice cultivars, IR-71706 and La Capoteña, were established in pots with organic substrate to evaluate their agronomic, physiological, and morphological response under three levels of water stress (no stress, mild stress, and moderate stress), in addition to water consumption. Yield decreased in the water stress treatments, with no significant differences. In general, La Capoteña had a better yield compared to IR-71706 for all irrigation levels, with the number of grains per panicle being the most important component. This component was highly correlated with the harvest index, the percentage of tillers with panicle, and total water use efficiency (WUGt) and grain water use efficiency (WUGg). In the physiological response, treatments with no stress had lower SPAD and higher ground coverage, observed as more yellow and messier plants. WUGt and WUGg had no significant differences, although for all irrigation levels La Capoteña had better efficiency than IR-71706. In the principal component analysis, the differences in cultivar were more important than the differences in irrigation. Due to these results, it is very likely that the saturated treatments saturated suffered some type of stress due to the substrate and the pot, observed in the high evapotranspiration rates reflected in the transpirable fraction of the soil.
Although rice is one of the most water-intensive crops, methods to increase water use efficiency have not been widely adopted. It is desirable to find varieties that can tolerate periods of drought while maintaining high yields. Two rice cultivars, IR-71706 and La Capoteña, were established in pots with organic substrate to evaluate their agronomic, physiological, and morphological response under three levels of water stress (no stress, mild stress, and moderate stress), in addition to water consumption. Yield decreased in the water stress treatments, with no significant differences. In general, La Capoteña had a better yield compared to IR-71706 for all irrigation levels, with the number of grains per panicle being the most important component. This component was highly correlated with the harvest index, the percentage of tillers with panicle, and total water use efficiency (WUGt) and grain water use efficiency (WUGg). In the physiological response, treatments with no stress had lower SPAD and higher ground coverage, observed as more yellow and messier plants. WUGt and WUGg had no significant differences, although for all irrigation levels La Capoteña had better efficiency than IR-71706. In the principal component analysis, the differences in cultivar were more important than the differences in irrigation. Due to these results, it is very likely that the saturated treatments saturated suffered some type of stress due to the substrate and the pot, observed in the high evapotranspiration rates reflected in the transpirable fraction of the soil.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de Fitotecnia
Keywords
Tolerancia a sequía
Citation
Date
2024
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