Capacidad de adsorción de plomo (II) en disolución acuosa usando un adsorbente elaborado de escamas del pescado Cynoscion albus
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Authors
De La Cruz Hurtado, Dagma Naomi
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Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la capacidad de adsorción de plomo (II) en disolución acuosa utilizando un adsorbente elaborado a partir de escamas de pescado (Cephilus urigu) a escala laboratorio. Para la preparación del adsorbente, las escamas de pescado fueron lavadas, secadas, tratadas químicamente con HCl 0,1 M y NaOH 1,0 M, nuevamente lavadas con HCl 0,1 M y agua destilada, secadas, molidas y tamizadas a 0,60 mm. El adsorbente obtenido fue caracterizado mediante Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) para identificar los grupos funcionales involucrados en el proceso de adsorción. Además, se empleó el Espectrofotómetro de Absorción Atómica para determinar la cantidad de plomo (Pb²⁺) adsorbido. Los ensayos experimentales se realizaron variando las condiciones de pH (1,56; 2,01 y 2,50), dosis de adsorbente (0,10; 0,20 y 0,30 g) y concentración inicial de Pb²⁺ (5; 10; 25; 50 y 100 ppm), con tres repeticiones por cada condición. Los resultados mostraron que el adsorbente presenta grupos funcionales hidroxilo (OH⁻), fosfato (PO₄³⁻), carbonato (CO₃²⁻) y trazas de proteínas, sugiriendo la probable formación de hidroxiapatita con restos de fosfato, carbonato y colágeno. La mayor capacidad de adsorción se alcanzó a pH 2 y con una dosis de 0,30 g. La capacidad de adsorción fue de 21,88 mg Pb+2/g adsorbente, y el equilibrio de adsorción se ajustó mejor al modelo de isoterma de Freundlich (R2 = 0,982). En conclusión, el proceso de adsorción se da en una superficie heterogénea con múltiples sitios de adsorción, las cuales pueden retener más de un ion metálico, simultáneamente.
This study aimed to investigate the adsorption capacity of lead (II) in an aqueous solution using an adsorbent from scales of Cephilus urigu on a laboratory scale. The fish scales were washed, dried, chemically treated with 0,1 M HCl and 1,0 M NaOH, washed again with 0,1 M HCl and distilled water, dried, ground, and sieved at 0,60 mm. These adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to find the chemical functional groups involved in the adsorption process. Additionally, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to find the amount of lead (Pb²⁺) adsorbed. Different factors, including pH (1,56; 2,01, and 2,50), adsorbent dosage (0,10; 0,20, and 0,30 g) and initial Pb²⁺ concentration (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm), with three repetitions for each condition, were investigated for Pb+2 removal by the prepared adsorbent. The results showed that the adsorbent presents hydroxyl (OH⁻), phosphate (PO₄³⁻), and carbonate (CO₃²⁻) functional groups and trace protein, suggesting the probable formation of hydroxyapatite with traces of phosphate, carbonate, and collagen. The highest adsorption capacity was achieved at pH 2 and with a dosage of 0,30 g. The adsorption capacity was 21,88 mg Pb+2/g adsorbent, and the adsorption equilibrium was best described by the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0,982). In conclusion, the adsorption process occurs on a heterogeneous surface with multiple active sites, which can retain more than one metal ion simultaneously.
This study aimed to investigate the adsorption capacity of lead (II) in an aqueous solution using an adsorbent from scales of Cephilus urigu on a laboratory scale. The fish scales were washed, dried, chemically treated with 0,1 M HCl and 1,0 M NaOH, washed again with 0,1 M HCl and distilled water, dried, ground, and sieved at 0,60 mm. These adsorbent was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to find the chemical functional groups involved in the adsorption process. Additionally, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used to find the amount of lead (Pb²⁺) adsorbed. Different factors, including pH (1,56; 2,01, and 2,50), adsorbent dosage (0,10; 0,20, and 0,30 g) and initial Pb²⁺ concentration (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm), with three repetitions for each condition, were investigated for Pb+2 removal by the prepared adsorbent. The results showed that the adsorbent presents hydroxyl (OH⁻), phosphate (PO₄³⁻), and carbonate (CO₃²⁻) functional groups and trace protein, suggesting the probable formation of hydroxyapatite with traces of phosphate, carbonate, and collagen. The highest adsorption capacity was achieved at pH 2 and with a dosage of 0,30 g. The adsorption capacity was 21,88 mg Pb+2/g adsorbent, and the adsorption equilibrium was best described by the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 = 0,982). In conclusion, the adsorption process occurs on a heterogeneous surface with multiple active sites, which can retain more than one metal ion simultaneously.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Biología
Keywords
Adsorbente
Citation
Date
2026
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