Evaluación de las propiedades crioprotectoras de los geles de harina y mucílago de semillas de chía (Salvia hispanica L.)
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Authors
Yomona Huamán, Fiorella Nicole
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Abstract
Los hidrocoloides son polímeros de alto peso molecular usados en alimentos debido a sus propiedades funcionales. Las gomas y mucílagos de semillas y algas son hidrocoloides naturales. Las semillas de chía exudan un mucílago al contacto con el agua, capaz de retener hasta 27 veces su peso en agua. Compuesto por xilosa, glucosa, ácidos urónicos y otros azúcares neutros, tiene alta capacidad gelificante y emulsionante, mejorando las propiedades reológicas y texturales de los alimentos durante congelación/descongelación. Estudios previos revelaron también el uso de harina de chía para mejorar propiedades funcionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue extraer harina (H) y mucílago (M) de chía, evaluar sus propiedades funcionales antes (T(control)) y después los ciclos de congelación/descongelación a -20/25 °C (T(-20)) y -35/25 °C (T(-35)), y analizar el efecto de la velocidad de congelación. Los geles de mucílago al 1 y 2% (M(1) y M(2)) no presentaron sinéresis. Las propiedades texturales de los geles de harina al 6 y 8% (H(6) y H(8)) y mucílago al 2 y 3% (M(2) y M(3)) aumentaron significativamente (p < 0,05) con la concentración (dureza, adhesividad, gomosidad y masticabilidad). Luego de la descongelación los parámetros texturales de M(2) y M(3), se mantuvieron estables, salvo la adhesividad. Los geles de harina H(6) y H(8) y mucílago M(2) y M(3) exhibieron comportamiento pseudoplástico. El coeficiente de consistencia (k) de ambos geles aumentó significativamente (p < 0,05) con la concentración. La viscosidad de M(3) también aumentó significativamente (p < 0,05) tras la descongelación (de 17,76 a 20,04 Pa.s). La capacidad y estabilidad emulsionante de la harina al 7% (H(7)) incrementaron de 43,05 a 47,56% y de 41,41 a 44,53% respectivamente después de la descongelación. Los resultados sugirieron que la harina y el mucílago de chía poseen excelentes propiedades funcionales que contribuyeron mitigando los efectos negativos de la congelación/descongelación.
Hydrocolloids are high molecular weight polymers used in foods due to their functional properties. Gums and mucilages from seeds and algae are natural hydrocolloids. Chia seeds exude a mucilage on contact with water, capable of retaining up to 27 times their weight in water. Composed of xylose, glucose, uronic acids and other neutral sugars, it has a high gelling and emulsifying capacity, improving the rheological and textural properties of foods during freezing/thawing. Previous studies also revealed the use of chia flour to improve techno-functional properties. The objective of this research was to extract chia flour (H) and mucilage (M), evaluate their functional properties before (T(control)) and after freeze/thaw cycles at -20/25 °C (T(-20)) and -35/25 °C (T(-35)), and analyze the effect of freezing rate. The 1% and 2% mucilage gels (M(1) and M(2)) did not show syneresis. The textural properties of the 6 and 8% flour (H(6) and H(8)) and 2 and 3% mucilage (M(2) and M(3)) gels increased significantly (p < 0,05) with concentration (hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness). After thawing, the textural parameters of M(2) and M(3) remained stable, except for adhesiveness. The flour gels H(6) and H(8) and mucilage M(2) and M(3) exhibited pseudoplastic behavior. The consistency coefficient (k) of both gels increased significantly (p < 0,05) with concentration. The viscosity of M(3) also increased significantly (p < 0,05) after thawing (from 17,76 to 20,04 Pa.s). The emulsifying capacity and emulsifying stability of the 7% flour (H(7)) increased from 43,05 to 47,56% and from 41,41 to 44,53%, respectively, after thawing. The results suggested that chia flour and mucilage possess excellent functional properties that contributed to mitigate the negative effects of freezing/thawing.
Hydrocolloids are high molecular weight polymers used in foods due to their functional properties. Gums and mucilages from seeds and algae are natural hydrocolloids. Chia seeds exude a mucilage on contact with water, capable of retaining up to 27 times their weight in water. Composed of xylose, glucose, uronic acids and other neutral sugars, it has a high gelling and emulsifying capacity, improving the rheological and textural properties of foods during freezing/thawing. Previous studies also revealed the use of chia flour to improve techno-functional properties. The objective of this research was to extract chia flour (H) and mucilage (M), evaluate their functional properties before (T(control)) and after freeze/thaw cycles at -20/25 °C (T(-20)) and -35/25 °C (T(-35)), and analyze the effect of freezing rate. The 1% and 2% mucilage gels (M(1) and M(2)) did not show syneresis. The textural properties of the 6 and 8% flour (H(6) and H(8)) and 2 and 3% mucilage (M(2) and M(3)) gels increased significantly (p < 0,05) with concentration (hardness, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness). After thawing, the textural parameters of M(2) and M(3) remained stable, except for adhesiveness. The flour gels H(6) and H(8) and mucilage M(2) and M(3) exhibited pseudoplastic behavior. The consistency coefficient (k) of both gels increased significantly (p < 0,05) with concentration. The viscosity of M(3) also increased significantly (p < 0,05) after thawing (from 17,76 to 20,04 Pa.s). The emulsifying capacity and emulsifying stability of the 7% flour (H(7)) increased from 43,05 to 47,56% and from 41,41 to 44,53%, respectively, after thawing. The results suggested that chia flour and mucilage possess excellent functional properties that contributed to mitigate the negative effects of freezing/thawing.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias.
Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Mucílago
Citation
Date
2025
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