Substratos y bioflocs en el cultivo de Macrobrachium rosenbergii en altas densidades durante la etapa de engorde
Authors
Boada Mata, Betsi Susana
Abstract
Se evaluó el desempeño productivo, calidad de agua, alimento natural y composición proximal del camarón gigante de Malasia (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) en dos tipos de sistemas: tradicional y con tecnología de bioflocs (BFT), con y sin substratos artificiales (mallas de polietileno) para el engorde de esta especie en altas densidades. De esta manera, el experimento consistió en 4 tratamientos en triplicado: sistema tradicional (ST), sistema tradicional con substrato (ST/S), sistema con bioflocs (BFT) y sistema con bioflocs y substrato (BFT/S). Se montaron 12 unidades experimentales (tanques de 800 L) en donde se cultivaron 41 camarones/m2 (4.13 g) durante 64 días. Todos los parámetros físicoquímicos se mantuvieron dentro del rango adecuado, la presencia de substratos en ambos sistemas mejoró la calidad de agua al disminuir significativamente la concentración de NAT, N-NO2 y N-NO3. Los análisis de varianza y Tukey (p< 0,05) demostraron que el tipo de sistema influyó en el crecimiento de los camarones siendo mayor en los tratamientos ST y ST/S (11.61 ± 0.88 g; 11.43 ± 0.18 g). Por otro lado, la supervivencia fue influenciada por el uso de substratos y BFT, siendo superior en sistemas con BFT/S (96.75 ± 3.73%). El tipo de sistema no afectó en la abundancia de microalgas, pero la presencia de substratos posibilitó la formación del fitoperifiton. Las cianobacterias predominaron en el fitoplancton y fitoperifiton de todos los tratamientos, mientras que en el fitobentos predominaron las diatomeas. El tipo de sistema no influenció al zooperifiton, pero sí al zooplancton siendo superior en los sistemas con BFT dado por una mayor abundancia de protozoos y rotíferos. La composición proximal de los bioflocs en BFT/S fue mejor, sugiriendo que su consumo contribuiría a un mejor perfil nutricional del camarón así como a una mejor supervivencia.
Performance, water quality, natural food and proximate composition of Giant Malaysian prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were evaluated in two types of rearing systems: traditional and with bioflocs technology (BFT), with and without artificial substrates (polyethylene mesh) for grow-out of this species in high densities. The experiment consisted in four treatments by triplicate: traditional system (ST), traditional system with substrates (ST/S), bioflocs system (BFT) and bioflocs system with substrates (BFT/S). The experiment was conducted in 12 tanks of 800 L capacity where 41 prawns/m2 (4.13 g) were cultured for 64 days. All physicochemical parameters were maintained within the proper range, the presence of substrates in both types of systems improved water quality when decreasing significantly the TAN, NO2-N and NO3-N concentration. Analysis of variance and Tukey (p< 0.05) showed that the type of system influenced on prawn growth being higher in ST and ST/S treatments (11.61 ± 0.88 g, 11.43 ± 0.18 g). On the other hand, survival was influenced by substrates and BFT, being superior in BFT/S treatment (96.75 ± 3.73%). The type of system didn’t affect microalgae abundance, but the presence of substrates allowed phytoperiphyton development. Cyanobacteria predominated in phytoplankton and phytoperiphyton of all treatments, while diatoms in phytobenthos. The type of system didn’t influence zooperiphyton, but on zooplankton due to a greater abundance of protozoans and rotifers. Proximal composition of bioflocs was better at BFT/S, suggesting that its consumption would contribute to a better nutritional prawn profile as well as a better survival
Performance, water quality, natural food and proximate composition of Giant Malaysian prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were evaluated in two types of rearing systems: traditional and with bioflocs technology (BFT), with and without artificial substrates (polyethylene mesh) for grow-out of this species in high densities. The experiment consisted in four treatments by triplicate: traditional system (ST), traditional system with substrates (ST/S), bioflocs system (BFT) and bioflocs system with substrates (BFT/S). The experiment was conducted in 12 tanks of 800 L capacity where 41 prawns/m2 (4.13 g) were cultured for 64 days. All physicochemical parameters were maintained within the proper range, the presence of substrates in both types of systems improved water quality when decreasing significantly the TAN, NO2-N and NO3-N concentration. Analysis of variance and Tukey (p< 0.05) showed that the type of system influenced on prawn growth being higher in ST and ST/S treatments (11.61 ± 0.88 g, 11.43 ± 0.18 g). On the other hand, survival was influenced by substrates and BFT, being superior in BFT/S treatment (96.75 ± 3.73%). The type of system didn’t affect microalgae abundance, but the presence of substrates allowed phytoperiphyton development. Cyanobacteria predominated in phytoplankton and phytoperiphyton of all treatments, while diatoms in phytobenthos. The type of system didn’t influence zooperiphyton, but on zooplankton due to a greater abundance of protozoans and rotifers. Proximal composition of bioflocs was better at BFT/S, suggesting that its consumption would contribute to a better nutritional prawn profile as well as a better survival
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Acuicultura
Keywords
Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Crecimiento; Supervivencia; Calidad del agua; Alimentación de los animales; Engorde; Técnicas de acuicultura; Perifitos; Evaluación; Perú; Camarón gigante de malasia; Bioflocs; Substratos
Citation
Date
2016
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