Caracterización morfoagronómica en 16 líneas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en La Molina-Perú
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Authors
Solano Rincon, Paula Aracely
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Abstract
El estudio caracterizó 153 individuos pertenecientes a 17 líneas F₃ de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum), provenientes del cruce entre el cultivar Huascarán y un cherry morado (S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). El objetivo fue evaluar la variabilidad morfoagronómica para identificar genotipos con potencial de selección. El trabajo se realizó en la UNALM durante cuatro meses, utilizando descriptores del IPGRI y un Diseño Completamente al Azar con nueve plantas por línea. Se registraron rasgos cualitativos y cuantitativos, analizados mediante ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, PCA y ACM. La variabilidad observada fue amplia, como es característico en una población F₃. En las características cualitativas predominó el crecimiento indeterminado y la inflorescencia multipara, mientras que los frutos mostraron diversidad en color, forma y pigmentación, resaltando tonos morados vinculados a antocianinas. El ACM identificó tres clústeres fenotípicos asociados principalmente al color y la forma del fruto. En los rasgos cuantitativos se observó alta heterogeneidad en número de frutos, flores y acidez, mientras que la floración y madurez fueron más consistentes. El ANOVA indicó diferencias significativas en °Brix, acidez y rendimiento. El PCA explicó el 59.56% de la variabilidad total y confirmó tres agrupamientos: genotipos de frutos grandes y alto rendimiento, genotipos de frutos pequeños con altos °Brix y un grupo atípico con alta floración, pero bajo cuajado. Los análisis integrados permitieron identificar individuos con caracteres parcialmente fijados. El individuo 21 destacó por sus frutos rojos uniformes, forma ligeramente achatada, maduración precoz y buena combinación de °Brix y acidez. El individuo 10 sobresalió por su morfología reproductiva, coloración con rayas verdes y matices morados, además de alto rendimiento. Ambos deben ser priorizados en generaciones posteriores, aunque se recomienda evaluarlos en múltiples campañas para confirmar la estabilidad de sus características, dado su hábito de crecimiento indeterminado.
The study characterized 153 individuals belonging to 17 F₃ tomato lines (Solanum lycopersicum), derived from the cross between the cultivar Huascarán and a purple cherry tomato (S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). The objective was to evaluate morpho-agronomic variability to identify genotypes with selection potential. The work was conducted at UNALM over four months, using IPGRI descriptors and a Completely Randomized Design with nine plants per line. Qualitative and quantitative traits were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, PCA, and MCA.Wide variability was observed, which is typical in an F₃ population. Among the qualitative traits, indeterminate growth and multiparous inflorescences were predominant, while the fruits showed diversity in color, shape, and pigmentation, with purple tones linked to anthocyanins. MCA identified three phenotypic clusters mainly associated with fruit color and shape. For quantitative traits, high heterogeneity was found in fruit number, flower number, and acidity, while flowering and maturity were more consistent. ANOVA showed significant differences in °Brix, acidity, and yield. PCA explained 59.56% of the total variability and confirmed three groupings: large-fruited, high-yield genotypes; small-fruited genotypes with high °Brix; and an atypical group with high flowering but low fruit set. The integrated analyses allowed the identification of individuals with partially fixed traits. Individual 21 stood out for its uniform red fruits, slightly flattened shape, early maturity, and good °Brix–acidity balance. Individual 10 excelled in reproductive morphology, green-striped fruits with purple hues, and high yield. Both should be prioritized in subsequent generations, although multi-season evaluations are recommended to confirm trait stability, given their indeterminate growth habit.
The study characterized 153 individuals belonging to 17 F₃ tomato lines (Solanum lycopersicum), derived from the cross between the cultivar Huascarán and a purple cherry tomato (S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). The objective was to evaluate morpho-agronomic variability to identify genotypes with selection potential. The work was conducted at UNALM over four months, using IPGRI descriptors and a Completely Randomized Design with nine plants per line. Qualitative and quantitative traits were recorded and analyzed using ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, PCA, and MCA.Wide variability was observed, which is typical in an F₃ population. Among the qualitative traits, indeterminate growth and multiparous inflorescences were predominant, while the fruits showed diversity in color, shape, and pigmentation, with purple tones linked to anthocyanins. MCA identified three phenotypic clusters mainly associated with fruit color and shape. For quantitative traits, high heterogeneity was found in fruit number, flower number, and acidity, while flowering and maturity were more consistent. ANOVA showed significant differences in °Brix, acidity, and yield. PCA explained 59.56% of the total variability and confirmed three groupings: large-fruited, high-yield genotypes; small-fruited genotypes with high °Brix; and an atypical group with high flowering but low fruit set. The integrated analyses allowed the identification of individuals with partially fixed traits. Individual 21 stood out for its uniform red fruits, slightly flattened shape, early maturity, and good °Brix–acidity balance. Individual 10 excelled in reproductive morphology, green-striped fruits with purple hues, and high yield. Both should be prioritized in subsequent generations, although multi-season evaluations are recommended to confirm trait stability, given their indeterminate growth habit.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Horticultura
Keywords
Solanum lycopersicum
Citation
Date
2025
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