Estimación de la concentración de material particulado PM10 y PM2.5 en el área metropolitana de Lima utilizando un modelo euleriano
Authors
Reátegui Romero, Warren
Abstract
La calidad del aire de las ciudades es el resultado de relaciones complejas naturales y antropogénicas. Muchos distritos de la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana tienen concentraciones de material particulado que superan los ECA para PM10 (150 μg/m3) y PM2.5 (25 μg/m3). La exposición a concentraciones elevadas de contaminantes del aire genera efectos negativos sobre la salud. Las emisiones vehiculares son una fuente muy importante de contaminantes, los valores promedio de los contaminantes dan un mecanismo para analizar los cambios en tiempos largos. La variabilidad en esta tesis se relaciona con las concentraciones de PM10 y PM2.5 que nos indica que tan alejadas están las concentraciones del valor promedio y ayudan a tomar decisiones sociales importantes. Este trabajo de tesis tiene como objetivo estimar la concentración de material particulado PM10 y PM2.5 para Lima Metropolitana usando el modelo numérico de mesoescala euleriano Weather Research and Forecasting/ Chemistry (WRF-chem). Este modelo online sirve tanto para la investigación atmosférica y necesidades de pronóstico del tiempo-químico, para lo cual hace uso de información simultánea de meteorología y de química. Los periodos de estudios corresponden a los meses de febrero y julio del 2016, escogidos por los altos y bajos niveles de contaminantes atmosféricos. El modelo estimó las concentraciones de las especies químicas PM2.5 y PM10, información que fue comparada con datos registrados a nivel de superficie por diez estaciones de calidad del aire de SENAMHI:Campo de Marte(CMD), Ate(ATE), San Borja(SBJ), Santa Anita(STA), Carabayllo(CRB), Huachipa (HCH), Puente Piedra(PPD), San Martin de Porres(SMP), Villa María del Triunfo(VMT) y San Juan de Lurigancho(SJL). Esto nos permitió conocer en qué medida los ciclos diurnos de PM10 y PM2.5 están influenciados por las emisiones vehiculares en los dos periodos seleccionados. Un modelo numérico es euleriano cuando captura información de concentración o meteorológica en puntos fijos del espacio. El modelo WRF-chem, fue desarrollado por el National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) en colaboración con otras instituciones norteamericanas, incluyendo National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) y National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).
The air quality of cities is the result of complex natural and anthropogenic relationships. Many districts in the city of Metropolitan Lima have concentrations of particulate material that exceed the air quality standards (ECA) for PM10 (150 μg / m3) and PM2.5 (25 μg / m3). Exposure to high concentrations of air pollutants generates negative effects on health. Vehicle emissions are a very important source of pollutants, the average values of pollutants provide a mechanism to analyze changes in long times. The variability in this thesis is related to the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 that tells us how far away the concentrations of the average value are and help to make important social decisions. This thesis work aims to estimate PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter concentration for Metropolitan Lima using the Eulerian mesoscale numerical model Weather Research and Forecasting / Chemistry (WRF-chem). This online model serves both atmospheric research and weather-chemical forecasting needs, for which it makes use of simultaneous information from meteorology and chemistry. The study periods correspond to the months of February and July 2016, chosen for the high and low levels of atmospheric pollutants. The model estimated the concentrations of chemical species PM2.5 and PM10, information that was compared with data recorded at the surface level by ten SENAMHI air quality stations: Campo de Marte (CMD), Ate (ATE), San Borja (SBJ), Santa Anita (STA), Carabayllo (CRB), Huachipa (HCH), Puente Piedra (PPD), San Martin de Porres (SMP), Villa María del Triunfo (VMT) and San Juan de Lurigancho (SJL). This allowed us to know to what extent the diurnal cycles of PM10 and PM2.5 are influenced by vehicle emissions in the two selected periods. A numerical model is Eulerian when it captures concentration or meteorological information at fixed points in space. The WRF-chem model was developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in collaboration with other North American institutions, including National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).
The air quality of cities is the result of complex natural and anthropogenic relationships. Many districts in the city of Metropolitan Lima have concentrations of particulate material that exceed the air quality standards (ECA) for PM10 (150 μg / m3) and PM2.5 (25 μg / m3). Exposure to high concentrations of air pollutants generates negative effects on health. Vehicle emissions are a very important source of pollutants, the average values of pollutants provide a mechanism to analyze changes in long times. The variability in this thesis is related to the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 that tells us how far away the concentrations of the average value are and help to make important social decisions. This thesis work aims to estimate PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter concentration for Metropolitan Lima using the Eulerian mesoscale numerical model Weather Research and Forecasting / Chemistry (WRF-chem). This online model serves both atmospheric research and weather-chemical forecasting needs, for which it makes use of simultaneous information from meteorology and chemistry. The study periods correspond to the months of February and July 2016, chosen for the high and low levels of atmospheric pollutants. The model estimated the concentrations of chemical species PM2.5 and PM10, information that was compared with data recorded at the surface level by ten SENAMHI air quality stations: Campo de Marte (CMD), Ate (ATE), San Borja (SBJ), Santa Anita (STA), Carabayllo (CRB), Huachipa (HCH), Puente Piedra (PPD), San Martin de Porres (SMP), Villa María del Triunfo (VMT) and San Juan de Lurigancho (SJL). This allowed us to know to what extent the diurnal cycles of PM10 and PM2.5 are influenced by vehicle emissions in the two selected periods. A numerical model is Eulerian when it captures concentration or meteorological information at fixed points in space. The WRF-chem model was developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in collaboration with other North American institutions, including National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP).
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales
Keywords
Ciudades; Zonas urbanas; Polución del aire; Control ambiental; Deposición atmosférica; Emisión de contaminantes; Colección de datos; Modelización del medio ambiente; Perú; Material particulado; Modelo Auleriano WRF-CHEM; Calidad del aire; PM10; PM2.5; Lima Metropolitana
Citation
Date
2018
Collections
Seleccionar año de consulta:
Licencia de uso
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess