Interacción entre las tortugas marinas y la pesca de palangre en aguas peruanas
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Authors
Manrique Bravo, Camelia
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Abstract
El sector pesquero en Perú es la segunda actividad económica más importante después de la minería (FAO, 2008). Esta actividad se centra en la captura de especies como la anchoveta, jurel, caballa, bonito, entre otras. Sin embargo, la pesca incidental, es decir, la captura de especies no objetivo representa una seria amenaza para las poblaciones de tortugas marinas a nivel mundial. Por ello, es crucial caracterizar los patrones de interacción entre la pesca y las tortugas marinas para priorizar acciones de conservación que protejan a estas poblaciones en las costas peruanas. Este estudio actualizó y estandarizó la información recopilada sobre la interacción entre las diversas especies de tortugas marinas presentes en aguas peruanas y la pesca de palangre en la Zona Económica Exclusiva (ZEE) del Perú entre 2003 y 2009. Se evaluó el tipo de interacción entre las tortugas y el aparejo de pesca, su impacto en la estructura de las poblaciones, la influencia de la estacionalidad de la pesca y la relación entre la tasa de captura y el esfuerzo pesquero. Los resultados revelaron que las tortugas de caparazón duro, Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas y Lepidochelys olivacea, interactúan principalmente con los anzuelos en la boca y la garganta, lo que sugiere que muerden o incluso tragan el anzuelo al intentar consumir la carnada. Además, se confirmó que los individuos afectados eran predominantemente juveniles, considerados de bajo valor reproductivo. Se corroboró la existencia de una estacionalidad en la captura incidental, relacionada con la estacionalidad de la pesca de perico. En cuanto a la tasa de captura, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la pesca de perico y la de tiburón, ni una relación con el esfuerzo pesquero. Los análisis se basaron en metodologías de estadística descriptiva para determinar frecuencias de distribución, tendencias y variabilidad de los datos. Cuando fue necesario, se empleó estadística deductiva, como la prueba T de Student, para confirmar la significancia de los resultados. Este estudio resalta la importancia de incorporar en futuras investigaciones el efecto de diferentes tipos de anzuelos y carnadas, así como la influencia de la temperatura superficial del agua, para comprender mejor y mitigar el impacto de la pesca en las poblaciones de tortugas marinas.
The fishing sector in Peru is the second most important economic activity after mining (FAO, 2008). This activity focuses on the capture of species such as anchoveta, jack mackerel, chub mackerel, and bonito, among others. However, bycatch, that is, the capture of non-target species, poses a serious threat to sea turtle populations worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize the interaction patterns between fishing and sea turtles to prioritize conservation actions that protect these populations on the Peruvian coast. This study updated and standardized the compiled information on the interaction between the various species of sea turtles present in Peruvian waters and longline fishing in Peru's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between 2003 and 2009. The type of interaction between turtles and fishing gear, its impact on population structure, the influence of fishing seasonality, and the relationship between catch rate and fishing effort were evaluated. The results revealed that hard-shelled turtles, Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, and Lepidochelys olivacea, primarily interact with hooks in the mouth and throat, suggesting that they bite or even swallow the hook when trying to consume the bait. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the affected individuals were predominantly juveniles, considered to have low reproductive value. The existence of seasonality in bycatch, related to the seasonality of dolphinfish (mahi-mahi) fishing, was corroborated. Regarding the catch rate, no significant differences were found between dolphinfish and shark fishing, nor a relationship with fishing effort. The analyses were based on descriptive statistical methodologies to determine distribution frequencies, trends, and data variability. When necessary, deductive statistics, such as the Student's t-test, were used to confirm the significance of the results. This study highlights the importance of incorporating into future research the effect of different types of hooks and baits, as well as the influence of sea surface temperature, to better understand and mitigate the impact of fishing on sea turtle populations
The fishing sector in Peru is the second most important economic activity after mining (FAO, 2008). This activity focuses on the capture of species such as anchoveta, jack mackerel, chub mackerel, and bonito, among others. However, bycatch, that is, the capture of non-target species, poses a serious threat to sea turtle populations worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize the interaction patterns between fishing and sea turtles to prioritize conservation actions that protect these populations on the Peruvian coast. This study updated and standardized the compiled information on the interaction between the various species of sea turtles present in Peruvian waters and longline fishing in Peru's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) between 2003 and 2009. The type of interaction between turtles and fishing gear, its impact on population structure, the influence of fishing seasonality, and the relationship between catch rate and fishing effort were evaluated. The results revealed that hard-shelled turtles, Caretta caretta, Chelonia mydas, and Lepidochelys olivacea, primarily interact with hooks in the mouth and throat, suggesting that they bite or even swallow the hook when trying to consume the bait. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the affected individuals were predominantly juveniles, considered to have low reproductive value. The existence of seasonality in bycatch, related to the seasonality of dolphinfish (mahi-mahi) fishing, was corroborated. Regarding the catch rate, no significant differences were found between dolphinfish and shark fishing, nor a relationship with fishing effort. The analyses were based on descriptive statistical methodologies to determine distribution frequencies, trends, and data variability. When necessary, deductive statistics, such as the Student's t-test, were used to confirm the significance of the results. This study highlights the importance of incorporating into future research the effect of different types of hooks and baits, as well as the influence of sea surface temperature, to better understand and mitigate the impact of fishing on sea turtle populations
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Biología
Keywords
Tortugas marinas
Citation
Date
2025
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