Evaluación de impactos ambientales: análisis comparativo de tres metodologías en el proyecto de exploración minera Libélula, Áncash
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Authors
Francisco Sanchez, Christian Stefano
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Abstract
El presente Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional (TSP) tuvo como objetivo principal realizar un análisis comparativo de tres metodologías de evaluación de impacto ambiental: Conesa, la Matriz de Leopold y el método de Batelle-Columbus, con el fin de identificar sus fortalezas, limitaciones y grado de adecuación técnica y normativa en el contexto del "Proyecto de Exploración Minera Libélula", ubicado en la región de Áncash. La investigación se fundamentó en el marco del Sistema Nacional de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA) y la normativa vigente del sector minero en Perú. La metodología del estudio consistió en el análisis de los parámetros técnicos y la línea base ambiental del proyecto para estimar los impactos potenciales mediante la aplicación de los tres métodos propuestos. Los resultados indicaron que las actividades de exploración generan impactos negativos no significativos (leves), principalmente sobre componentes como la calidad del aire (partículas y gases), niveles de ruido, pérdida temporal de suelo y alteración de hábitats para la flora y fauna local. Asimismo, se identificaron impactos positivos relacionados con la generación de empleo local y la dinamización de la economía en las zonas de influencia. Los resultados evidencian que la metodología de Conesa es la más robusta y adaptable para proyectos de exploración minera en Perú, debido a su estructura multicriterio, su capacidad para integrar medidas de mitigación y su alineación con los requerimientos de autoridades como el MINAM y el SENACE. La matriz de Leopold resulta útil para identificar de forma rápida las interacciones entre actividades y componentes ambientales; sin embargo, presenta limitaciones debido a su carácter principalmente cualitativo y a la subjetividad en la asignación de valores. Por su parte, el método Batelle-Columbus proporciona una evaluación cuantitativa basada en unidades de calidad ambiental, aunque su aplicación requiere una mayor disponibilidad de información y adecuaciones específicas para proyectos de exploración minera. Se concluye que la metodología de Conesa es la más adecuada para la evaluación de impactos ambientales en proyectos de exploración minera similares al Proyecto Libélula, debido a su compatibilidad con los requerimientos del SEIA y su mayor precisión para jerarquizar impactos. Asimismo, se recomienda complementar su aplicación con elementos de las metodologías de Leopold y Batelle-Columbus, a fin de fortalecer la identificación inicial de interacciones y la cuantificación de los impactos ambientales.
This Professional Competency Work (PCW) aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of three environmental impact assessment methodologies: the Conesa methodology, the Leopold Matrix, and the Batelle-Columbus method, in order to identify their strengths, limitations, and degree of technical and regulatory suitability in the context of the “Libélula Mining Exploration Project”, located in the Áncash region, Peru. The research was based on the framework of the National Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA) and the current regulations governing the mining sector in Peru. The study methodology consisted of analyzing the project’s technical parameters and environmental baseline to estimate potential impacts through the application of the three proposed methods. The results indicated that exploration activities generate non-significant (minor) negative impacts, mainly on components such as air quality (particles and gases), noise levels, temporary soil loss, and habitat alteration for local flora and fauna. Likewise, positive impacts related to local employment generation and the stimulation of the economy within the areas of influence were identified. The results show that the Conesa methodology is the most robust and adaptable for mining exploration projects in Peru, due to its multi-criteria structure, its capacity to integrate mitigation measures, and its alignment with the requirements of authorities such as the Ministry of Environment (MINAM) and the National Service for Environmental Certification for Sustainable Investments (SENACE). The Leopold Matrix is useful for rapidly identifying interactions between activities and environmental components; however, it presents limitations because of its mainly qualitative nature and the subjectivity involved in assigning values. Meanwhile, the Batelle-Columbus method provides a quantitative assessment based on environmental quality units, although its application requires greater data availability and specific adaptations for mining exploration projects. It is concluded that the Conesa methodology is the most suitable for environmental impact assessment in mining exploration projects like the Libélula Project, due to its compatibility with SEIA requirements and its greater precision in prioritizing impacts. Likewise, it is recommended to complement its application with elements from the Leopold Matrix and the Batelle-Columbus method to strengthen the initial identification of interactions and the quantification of environmental impacts.
This Professional Competency Work (PCW) aimed to carry out a comparative analysis of three environmental impact assessment methodologies: the Conesa methodology, the Leopold Matrix, and the Batelle-Columbus method, in order to identify their strengths, limitations, and degree of technical and regulatory suitability in the context of the “Libélula Mining Exploration Project”, located in the Áncash region, Peru. The research was based on the framework of the National Environmental Impact Assessment System (SEIA) and the current regulations governing the mining sector in Peru. The study methodology consisted of analyzing the project’s technical parameters and environmental baseline to estimate potential impacts through the application of the three proposed methods. The results indicated that exploration activities generate non-significant (minor) negative impacts, mainly on components such as air quality (particles and gases), noise levels, temporary soil loss, and habitat alteration for local flora and fauna. Likewise, positive impacts related to local employment generation and the stimulation of the economy within the areas of influence were identified. The results show that the Conesa methodology is the most robust and adaptable for mining exploration projects in Peru, due to its multi-criteria structure, its capacity to integrate mitigation measures, and its alignment with the requirements of authorities such as the Ministry of Environment (MINAM) and the National Service for Environmental Certification for Sustainable Investments (SENACE). The Leopold Matrix is useful for rapidly identifying interactions between activities and environmental components; however, it presents limitations because of its mainly qualitative nature and the subjectivity involved in assigning values. Meanwhile, the Batelle-Columbus method provides a quantitative assessment based on environmental quality units, although its application requires greater data availability and specific adaptations for mining exploration projects. It is concluded that the Conesa methodology is the most suitable for environmental impact assessment in mining exploration projects like the Libélula Project, due to its compatibility with SEIA requirements and its greater precision in prioritizing impacts. Likewise, it is recommended to complement its application with elements from the Leopold Matrix and the Batelle-Columbus method to strengthen the initial identification of interactions and the quantification of environmental impacts.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Evaluación de impactos ambientales
Citation
Date
2026
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