Potencial de difusión de fósforo de diferentes fuentes de fertilizantes edáficos
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Autores
Vilchez León, Chavely Del Rosario
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Resumen
El fósforo (P) es un nutriente primario con baja movilidad en el suelo, cuya disponibilidad se ve influenciada por las propiedades del suelo y la fuente de fertilizante. Esta investigación evaluó el potencial de difusión de seis fertilizantes fosfatados: roca fosfórica – RF, superfosfato triple – SFT, fosfato diamónico – DAP, fosfato monoamónico – MAP, Nitrofoska Special y MicroEssentials SZ; en tres suelos peruanos con distintas características: ácido y franco arcilloso (A); alcalino y franco arenoso (B) y alcalino y arenoso (C). La metodología incluyó una prueba de difusión en laboratorio usando papeles con hidróxido de hierro como sumidero de P; y una prueba biológica con maíz (Zea mays L). En el Suelo A, el MAP y DAP presentaron la mayor área de difusión (27.07 cm² y 27.06 cm² a las 720 h), en cuanto a la tasa de difusión no presento diferencias significativas entre fertilizantes. En el Suelo B, los fertilizantes granulados mostraron un comportamiento similar, superando significativamente a la RF y en el Suelo C no hubo diferencias significativas entre las fuentes. En el Suelo A, SFT y MAP mostraron los mayores IDPF (15.2% y 14.8% en la zona de 1.5-13.5 mm), mientras que, en el Suelo B, MicroEssentials presentó el mayor IDPF (18.5% en zona 1.5-7.5 mm) y en el Suelo C, SFT destacó con el mayor IDPF (12.3% en zona 1.5-13.5 mm). En la prueba biológica, la respuesta en el maíz fue regulada por el contenido inicial de P del suelo: en el Suelo A y B no se mostraron diferencias significativas entre fertilizantes granulados; mientras que, en el Suelo C destaco el MicroEssentials. En conclusión, el potencial de los fertilizantes fosfatados depende de la interacción fuente-suelo; en suelos ácidos las fuentes solubles mostraron similar eficiencia, en los alcalinos las formulaciones acidificantes, como DAP y MicroEssentials, fueron más efectivas.
Phosphorus (P) is a primary nutrient with low mobility in the soil, whose availability is influenced by soil properties and fertilizer source. This research evaluated the diffusion potential of six phosphate fertilizers: phosphate rock – PR, triple superphosphate – TSP, diammonium phosphate – DAP, monoammonium phosphate – MAP, Nitrofoska Special, and MicroEssentials SZ; in three Peruvian soils with distinct characteristics: acidic and clay loam (A); alkaline and sandy loam (B); and alkaline and sandy soil (C). The methodology included a laboratory diffusion test using iron hydroxide–impregnated papers as a P sink; and a biological test with maize (Zea mays L.). In Soil A, MAP and DAP showed the largets diffusion area (27.07 cm² and 27.06 cm² at 720 h), while no significant differences were observed in diffusion rate among fertilizers. In Soil B, the granular fertilizers showed similar behavior, significantly outperforming RF, and in Soil C there were no significant differences between the sources. In Soil A, SFT and MAP showed the highest IDPF (15.2% and 14.8% in the 1.5-13.5 mm zone), while in Soil B, MicroEssentials had the highest IDPF (18.5% in the 1.5-7.5 mm zone) and in Soil C, SFT stood out with the highest IDPF (12.3% in the 1.5- 13.5 mm zone). In the biological test, the maize response was regulated by the initial soil P content: in Soils A and B, no significant differences were observed among granular fertilizers, whereas in Soil C MicroEssentials showed superior performance. In conclusion, the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers depends on the source–soil interaction; in acidic soils, soluble sources showed similar efficiency, while in alkaline soils, acidifying formulations such as DAP and MicroEssentials were more effective.
Phosphorus (P) is a primary nutrient with low mobility in the soil, whose availability is influenced by soil properties and fertilizer source. This research evaluated the diffusion potential of six phosphate fertilizers: phosphate rock – PR, triple superphosphate – TSP, diammonium phosphate – DAP, monoammonium phosphate – MAP, Nitrofoska Special, and MicroEssentials SZ; in three Peruvian soils with distinct characteristics: acidic and clay loam (A); alkaline and sandy loam (B); and alkaline and sandy soil (C). The methodology included a laboratory diffusion test using iron hydroxide–impregnated papers as a P sink; and a biological test with maize (Zea mays L.). In Soil A, MAP and DAP showed the largets diffusion area (27.07 cm² and 27.06 cm² at 720 h), while no significant differences were observed in diffusion rate among fertilizers. In Soil B, the granular fertilizers showed similar behavior, significantly outperforming RF, and in Soil C there were no significant differences between the sources. In Soil A, SFT and MAP showed the highest IDPF (15.2% and 14.8% in the 1.5-13.5 mm zone), while in Soil B, MicroEssentials had the highest IDPF (18.5% in the 1.5-7.5 mm zone) and in Soil C, SFT stood out with the highest IDPF (12.3% in the 1.5- 13.5 mm zone). In the biological test, the maize response was regulated by the initial soil P content: in Soils A and B, no significant differences were observed among granular fertilizers, whereas in Soil C MicroEssentials showed superior performance. In conclusion, the effectiveness of phosphorus fertilizers depends on the source–soil interaction; in acidic soils, soluble sources showed similar efficiency, while in alkaline soils, acidifying formulations such as DAP and MicroEssentials were more effective.
Descripción
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Suelos
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Fecha
2026
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

