Metodología para el mapeamiento detallado de ecosistemas de montaña en el Parque Nacional Huascarán
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Authors
Rios Recra, Raquel del Pilar
Abstract
La cordillera de los Andes en el Parque Nacional Huascarán (PNH) forma parte de las montañas tropicales más grandes del mundo, la misma que es reconocida por la presencia de diversidad biológica (Ponce, 1984); donde se desarrollan ecosistemas de montaña (MINAM, 2019) en condiciones geográficas y climáticas extremas (SENAMHI, 2021). Teniendo en cuenta el difícil acceso a los ecosistemas de montaña presentes en el Parque Nacional Huascarán para poder realizar una estimación espacial más cercana, se analizaron dos diferentes metodologías de mapeo con el uso de análisis espectral basado en el comportamiento característico de cada ecosistema de montaña, con la finalidad de identificar el conjunto de técnicas de clasificación e insumos que nos den como resultado el mapeo de detalle de los ecosistemas de montaña en las partes más inaccesibles del Parque Nacional Huascarán como lo son sus cuencas de recepción. El Bosque Aleatorio y el Árbol de Decisión fueron las dos metodologías aplicadas con el uso de teledetección, donde se muestra la comparativa de los resultados en la delimitación de ecosistemas de montaña conspicuos, obteniendo marcadas diferencias en los resultados, basadas en la cantidad y diversidad de información disponible. Identificándose al Árbol de Decisiones como la metodología ideal para ecosistemas conspicuos y el Bosque Aleatorio para los ecosistemas disimiles, al sensor óptico Sentinel 2 como insumo principal a la actualidad útil para discriminar coberturas similares debido a su alta resolución espectral, y el producto DEM ALOS PALSAR de alta resolución espacial que aportó las características geográficas medibles, que condicionan el desarrollo de los ecosistemas de montaña en el Parque Nacional Huascarán. El mapeo a detalle fue realizado para fin de la época de temporada húmeda para el año 2020.
The Andes mountain range in the Huascarán National Park (PNH) is part of the largest tropical mountains in the world, the same one that is recognized for the presence of biological diversity (Ponce, 1984); where mountain ecosystems are developed (MINAM, 2019) in extreme geo graphic and climatic conditions (SENAMHI, 2021). Taking into account the difficult access to the mountain ecosystems present in the Huascarán National Park in order to make a closer spatial estimate, two different mapping methodologies were analyzed with the use of spectral analysis based on the characteristic behavior of each mountain ecosystem. with the purpose of identifying the set of classification techniques and inputs that give us as a result the detailed mapping of the mountain ecosystems in the most inaccessible parts of the Huascarán National Park, such as its receiving basins. The Random Forest and the Decision Tree were the two methodologies applied with the use of remote sensing, where the comparison of the results in the delimitation of conspicuous moun tain ecosystems is shown, obtaining marked differences in the results, based on the quantity and diversity of Information available. Identifying the Decision Tree as the ideal methodology for conspicuous ecosystems and the Random Forest for dissimilar ecosystems, the Sentinel 2 optical sensor as the main input currently useful for discriminating similar coverage due to its high spectral resolution, and the DEM ALOS PALSAR product of high spatial resolution that provided measurable geographical characteristics, which condition the development of moun tain ecosystems in the Huascarán National Park. The detailed mapping was carried out for the end of the wet season in 2020.
The Andes mountain range in the Huascarán National Park (PNH) is part of the largest tropical mountains in the world, the same one that is recognized for the presence of biological diversity (Ponce, 1984); where mountain ecosystems are developed (MINAM, 2019) in extreme geo graphic and climatic conditions (SENAMHI, 2021). Taking into account the difficult access to the mountain ecosystems present in the Huascarán National Park in order to make a closer spatial estimate, two different mapping methodologies were analyzed with the use of spectral analysis based on the characteristic behavior of each mountain ecosystem. with the purpose of identifying the set of classification techniques and inputs that give us as a result the detailed mapping of the mountain ecosystems in the most inaccessible parts of the Huascarán National Park, such as its receiving basins. The Random Forest and the Decision Tree were the two methodologies applied with the use of remote sensing, where the comparison of the results in the delimitation of conspicuous moun tain ecosystems is shown, obtaining marked differences in the results, based on the quantity and diversity of Information available. Identifying the Decision Tree as the ideal methodology for conspicuous ecosystems and the Random Forest for dissimilar ecosystems, the Sentinel 2 optical sensor as the main input currently useful for discriminating similar coverage due to its high spectral resolution, and the DEM ALOS PALSAR product of high spatial resolution that provided measurable geographical characteristics, which condition the development of moun tain ecosystems in the Huascarán National Park. The detailed mapping was carried out for the end of the wet season in 2020.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas
Keywords
Ecosistemas de montaña
Citation
Date
2024
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