Respuesta fisiológica de la producción de trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum) frente al déficit hídrico
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Authors
Rea Zenozain, Reyna Esther
Abstract
En áreas agrícolas del Programa de Cereales de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina se realizó un experimento en el cultivo de trigo con el objetivo de evaluar su respuesta fisiológica y la producción frente al déficit hídrico, para lo cual, se sembraron cuatro genotipos (la variedad más sembrada en costa, una variedad de sierra y dos líneas avanzadas del programa) en dos ambientes (riego y déficit hídrico), con un diseño de bloques completos al azar en cada ambiente, donde cada unidad experimental constó de cinco surcos de cuatro metros de largo, una distancia de 0.35 entre surcos y una densidad de 200 semillas viables por m2. Se evaluaron variables fisiológicas, morfológicas y el rendimiento. Se realizó una fertilización de fondo antes de la siembra. Se utilizó un sistema de riego por gravedad, donde, el ambiente de déficit hídrico, recibió un último riego a los 20 días después de la siembra (DDS).
Los resultados mostraron un efecto importante en todos los genotipos en el ambiente de sequía, donde los valores de contenido de clorofila y conductancia estomática fueron menores y la temperatura del dosel fueron mayores con respecto al ambiente de riego. Asimismo, se observó que todos los genotipos en déficit hídrico llegaron a madurez fisiológica en menos días, es decir presentaron precocidad. En déficit hídrico los genotipos redujeron su rendimiento hasta en un 50%, asimismo se observó reducción en la altura de planta, largo de espiga, número de granos y peso de 1000 granos. Tras el análisis combinado no se observó interacción de los tratamientos con el ambiente, solo diferencias entre los ambientes, donde riego fue superior a déficit hídrico.
In agricultural areas of the Cereal Program of the National Agrarian University La Molina, an experiment was carried out in the cultivation of wheat with the objective of evaluating its physiological response and production in the face of water deficit, for which, four genotypes were planted (the variety more planted on the coast, a mountain variety and two advanced lines of the program) in two environments (irrigation and water deficit), with a complete randomized block design in each environment, where each experimental unit consisted of five four-meter furrows. long, a distance of 0.35 between furrows and a density of 200 viable seeds per m2. Physiological, morphological and performance variables were evaluated. Background fertilization was carried out before sowing. A gravity irrigation system was used, where the water deficit environment received a last irrigation 20 days after sowing (DDS). The results showed an important effect in all genotypes in the drought environment, where the values of chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were lower and canopy temperature were higher with respect to the irrigation environment. Likewise, it was observed that all genotypes in water deficit reached physiological maturity in fewer days, that is, they presented precocity. In water deficit, the genotypes reduced their yield by up to 50%; a reduction was also observed in plant height, spike length, number of grains and weight of 1000 grains. After the combined analysis, no interaction of the treatments with the environment was observed, only differences between the environments, where irrigation was superior to water deficit.
In agricultural areas of the Cereal Program of the National Agrarian University La Molina, an experiment was carried out in the cultivation of wheat with the objective of evaluating its physiological response and production in the face of water deficit, for which, four genotypes were planted (the variety more planted on the coast, a mountain variety and two advanced lines of the program) in two environments (irrigation and water deficit), with a complete randomized block design in each environment, where each experimental unit consisted of five four-meter furrows. long, a distance of 0.35 between furrows and a density of 200 viable seeds per m2. Physiological, morphological and performance variables were evaluated. Background fertilization was carried out before sowing. A gravity irrigation system was used, where the water deficit environment received a last irrigation 20 days after sowing (DDS). The results showed an important effect in all genotypes in the drought environment, where the values of chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance were lower and canopy temperature were higher with respect to the irrigation environment. Likewise, it was observed that all genotypes in water deficit reached physiological maturity in fewer days, that is, they presented precocity. In water deficit, the genotypes reduced their yield by up to 50%; a reduction was also observed in plant height, spike length, number of grains and weight of 1000 grains. After the combined analysis, no interaction of the treatments with the environment was observed, only differences between the environments, where irrigation was superior to water deficit.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Producción Agrícola
Keywords
Triticum aestivum; déficit hídrico
Citation
Date
2024
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