Modelación numérica del transporte de contaminantes atmosféricos y su relación con las condiciones meteorológicas en Lima Metropolitana
Authors
Rojas Chávez, Freddy Jesús
Abstract
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo simular numéricamente el transporte de los contaminantes atmosféricos en especial el PM10 y PM2.5 (material particulado con diámetro aerodinámico menor a 10 y 2.5 μm respectivamente) y su relación con las condiciones meteorológicas en Lima Metropolitana. El estudio es un aporte científico importante para el Perú porque se logra estimar y pronosticar el gran impacto ambiental que causa las emisiones de fuentes móviles en Lima Metropolitana, además es importante para trabajos futuros como estimarse pronósticos de contaminación para todo el país y usarce para temas relacionados como determinar áreas potencialmente peligrosas de enfermedades alergénicas e incluso estudiar los riesgos toxicológicos de HAPs que están presentes en el material particulado en las áreas potencialmente contaminadas. Para la simulación numérica se utilizó el programa científico de código abierto denominado CCATT-BRAMS elaborado en fortran 90 con actualizaciones desarrolladas en INPE/CPTEC (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais/Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos) Brasil. Se han analizado los diferentes códigos de simulación con la finalidad de adecuar los datos iniciales y de frontera y los enlaces que tienen lugar para simular y alcanzar los resultados esperados. Se han incorporado nuevos indicadores de relaciones de NOx/VOC y CO/COV medidos y simulados adecuados para Lima Metropolitana. Los datos iniciales se obtuvieron de los registros de las variables meteorológicas y las concentraciones de PM10, PM2.5 y gases. Para ello se ha analizado series anuales recientes (2014 al 2015) de datos diarios y horarios tomados de la red de monitoreo de SENAMHI los cuales se denominarán “datos observados”, obtenidos en distintas estaciones de medida en Lima Metropolitana. Se ha realizado los cálculos de estimaciones de emisiones propias usando los factores de emisión según la EPA que sirven como dato de entrada al código CCATT-BRAMS y para ello ha sido necesario hacer un análisis propio de variables como clases, tipos y número de vehículos, consumos energéticos locales y nacionales del parque automotor, crecimiento poblacional, número de enfermos por enfermedades respiratorias en los periodos del 2006 al 2013, adicionalmente se hicieron proyecciones al 2040 mediante un análisis estadístico. Las concentraciones simuladas de PM10 y PM2.5 fueron obtenidos por el programa numérico de transporte (CCATT) y las variables meteorológicas obtenidos por el modelo numérico de la atmósfera, a través del sistema de modelación atmosférico regional (BRAMS). Se validaron los resultados con los datos observados. Se concluye una simulación adecuada de las variables meteorológicas y de emisiones para Lima metropolitana.
The present work aims to numerically simulate the transport of atmospheric pollutants, especially PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 and 2.5 microns respectively) and its relation with meteorological conditions in Metropolitan Lima. The study is an important scientific contribution for Peru because it is possible to estimate and forecast the great environmental impact caused by the emission of mobile sources in Metropolitan Lima, and it is important for future works such as estimation of contamination forecasts for the whole country and use for topics related issues such as determining potentially hazardous areas of allergenic diseases and even studying the toxicological risks of PAHs that are present in particulate matter in potentially contaminated areas. For the numerical simulation the scientific open source program called CCATT-BRAMS was developed in FORTRAN 90 with updates developed in INPE/CPTEC (National Institute for Space Research / Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies) Brazil. The different simulation codes have been analyzed in order to adapt the initial and boundary data and the links that take place to simulate and achieve the expected results. New metric and simulated NOx/VOC and CO/COV ratios have been incorporated into metropolitan Lima. The initial data were obtained from the records of the meteorological variables and the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and gases. For this purpose, we have analyzed recent annual series (2014 to 2015) of daily data and timetables for the concentration of emissions and meteorological data taken from the SENAMHI monitoring network, which will be called "observed data" obtained at different measurement stations in Lima Metropolitan. Estimates of own emissions have been calculated using the EPA emission factors that serve as input data to the CCATT-BRAMS code and for this it has been necessary to make a proper analysis of variables such as classes, types and number of vehicles, local and national energy consumption of motor vehicles, population growth, number of patients from respiratory diseases in the periods from 2006 to 2013, projections were also made in 2040 by means of a statistical analysis. The simulated concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were obtained by the numerical transport program (CCATT) and the meteorological variables obtained by the numerical model of the atmosphere, through the regional atmospheric modeling system (BRAMS). Results were validated with observed data. We conclude an adequate simulation of the meteorological and emission variables for metropolitan Lima.
The present work aims to numerically simulate the transport of atmospheric pollutants, especially PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 and 2.5 microns respectively) and its relation with meteorological conditions in Metropolitan Lima. The study is an important scientific contribution for Peru because it is possible to estimate and forecast the great environmental impact caused by the emission of mobile sources in Metropolitan Lima, and it is important for future works such as estimation of contamination forecasts for the whole country and use for topics related issues such as determining potentially hazardous areas of allergenic diseases and even studying the toxicological risks of PAHs that are present in particulate matter in potentially contaminated areas. For the numerical simulation the scientific open source program called CCATT-BRAMS was developed in FORTRAN 90 with updates developed in INPE/CPTEC (National Institute for Space Research / Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies) Brazil. The different simulation codes have been analyzed in order to adapt the initial and boundary data and the links that take place to simulate and achieve the expected results. New metric and simulated NOx/VOC and CO/COV ratios have been incorporated into metropolitan Lima. The initial data were obtained from the records of the meteorological variables and the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and gases. For this purpose, we have analyzed recent annual series (2014 to 2015) of daily data and timetables for the concentration of emissions and meteorological data taken from the SENAMHI monitoring network, which will be called "observed data" obtained at different measurement stations in Lima Metropolitan. Estimates of own emissions have been calculated using the EPA emission factors that serve as input data to the CCATT-BRAMS code and for this it has been necessary to make a proper analysis of variables such as classes, types and number of vehicles, local and national energy consumption of motor vehicles, population growth, number of patients from respiratory diseases in the periods from 2006 to 2013, projections were also made in 2040 by means of a statistical analysis. The simulated concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were obtained by the numerical transport program (CCATT) and the meteorological variables obtained by the numerical model of the atmosphere, through the regional atmospheric modeling system (BRAMS). Results were validated with observed data. We conclude an adequate simulation of the meteorological and emission variables for metropolitan Lima.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales
Keywords
Ciudades; Zonas urbanas; Polución del aire; Deposición atmosférica; Gases de efecto invernadero; Modelización del medioambiente; Condiciones atmosféricas; Modelos estocásticos; Evaluación; Perú; Modelación numérica; Contaminantes atmosféricos; PM10; PM2,5; Lima Metropolitana
Citation
Date
2018
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Licencia de uso
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess