Elaboración de un pan libre de gluten utilizando harina de quinua fermentada con Lactobacillus plantarum
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Authors
Matheus Diaz, Shessira del Carmen
Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue elaborar panes sin gluten utilizando harina de quinua fermentada con cepa de Lactobacillus plantarum utilizando dos variedades de quinua, Rosada de Huancayo (RH) y Pasankalla (PK), y diferentes tipos de almidones (maíz, papa y yuca). Con la cepa se preparó una masa fermentada (MF), la cual fue incluida como un ingrediente más en la elaboración de estos panes. En la preparación de los panes se utilizó una relación harina:agua de 1:1,5. Para preparar las masas y en los panes se utilizaron las dos variedades de quinua RH y PK. Los tratamientos por cada variedad de quinua fueron: 30% harina de quinua RH con 30% MF-RH y 40 % de almidón (Tratamientos 4, 5 y 6); 20% harina de quinua RH con 40% MF RH y 40 % de almidón (Tratamientos 7, 8 y 9); 30% harina de quinua PK con 30% MF-PK y el 40% almidón (Tratamientos 13, 14 y 15); 20% harina de quinua PK con 40% MF-PK y el 40% almidón (Tratamientos 16, 17 y 18). En ambas variedades, se utilizaron almidón de maíz (AM), papa (AP) y yuca (AY). Para las comparaciones se consideraron un control (60% harina de quinua, 0% de MF y 40% de cada uno de los 3 tipos de almidón), para cada variedad de quinua y almidón fueron: Control RH-AP, Control RH-AM, Control RH-AY (Tratamientos 1, 2 y 3) y Control PK-AP, Control PK-AM, Control PK-AY (Tratamientos 10, 11 y 12). Las masas fueron evaluadas con un Diseño Completamente al Azar (DCA), con arreglo factorial de 3x3 para cada variedad de quinua. Se controló el proceso de fermentación de todas las MF hasta llegar a un pH de 4.5. Se evaluó en las masas de pan características de textura con el método de back extrusión. En los panes se evaluó el volumen específico, capacidad de retención de agua, actividad de agua (aw), pérdida de peso durante el horneado y análisis de perfil de textura. Aplicando MF, en las masas con almidones de yuca disminuyó significativamente las características de dureza y consistencia (p < 0.05). Al aplicar MF, los panes adquirieron menores valores de dureza. En los panes con mayor aceptabilidad, la dureza pasó de 17.31±2.6 N a 9.78±0.5 N (tratamiento # 7 20RH40MF – AP) y de la variedad PK pasó de 8.83±0.5 N a 3.74±0.3 N. (tratamiento # 13 30PK30MF – AP). En conclusión, emplear MF mejoró características como aw, volumen específico y textura en panes libre de gluten.
The objective of this study was to prepare gluten-free breads using fermented quinoa flour of two varieties, Rosada de Huancayo (RH) and Pasankalla (PK), with Lactobacillus plantarum strain and different types of starches. With the strain a sour dough (MF) was prepared, which was included as an ingredient in the preparation of these breads, its preparation had a flour:water ratio of 1:1.5. The flour of the two quinoa varieties RH and PK were used to prepare the doughs and the breads. The treatments for each quinoa variety were: 30% RH quinoa flour with 30% RH MF and 40% starch (Treatments 4, 5 and 6); 20% RH quinoa flour with 40% MF-RH and 40% starch (Treatments 7, 8 and 9); 30% PK quinoa flour with 30% PK MF and 40% starch (Treatments 13, 14 and 15); 20% PK quinoa flour with 40% MF-PK and 40% starch (Treatments 16, 17 and 18); in both varieties, corn (AM), potato (AP) and cassava (AY) starch were used. For the comparisons, a control (60% quinoa flour, 0% MF and 40% starch) was considered for each variety of quinoa and starch: Control RH-AP, Control RH-AM, Control RH-AY (Treatments 1, 2 and 3) and Control PK-AP, Control PK-AM, Control PK-AY (Treatments 10, 11 and 12). The doughs were evaluated with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with a 3x3 factorial arrangement for each quinoa variety. The fermentation process of all the MF was controlled until reaching a pH of 4.5. Textural characteristics were evaluated in the bread doughs using the back extrusion method. Specific volume, water holding capacity, water activity (aw), weight loss during baking and texture profile analysis were evaluated in the breads. The application of fermented dough significantly decreased the characteristics of hardness and consistency (p < 0.05) in the doughs with cassava starches. Applying MF, in the doughs with cassava starches significantly decreased the characteristics of hardness and consistency (p < 0.05). When MF was applied, the breads acquired lower hardness values. In the breads with higher acceptability, the hardness went from 17.31±2.6 N to 9.78±0.5 N (treatment # 7 20RH40MF - AP) and the PK variety went from 8.83±0.5 N to 3.74±0.3 N (treatment # 13 30PK30MF - AP). In conclusion, using MF improved characteristics such as aw, specific volume and texture in gluten-free breads.
The objective of this study was to prepare gluten-free breads using fermented quinoa flour of two varieties, Rosada de Huancayo (RH) and Pasankalla (PK), with Lactobacillus plantarum strain and different types of starches. With the strain a sour dough (MF) was prepared, which was included as an ingredient in the preparation of these breads, its preparation had a flour:water ratio of 1:1.5. The flour of the two quinoa varieties RH and PK were used to prepare the doughs and the breads. The treatments for each quinoa variety were: 30% RH quinoa flour with 30% RH MF and 40% starch (Treatments 4, 5 and 6); 20% RH quinoa flour with 40% MF-RH and 40% starch (Treatments 7, 8 and 9); 30% PK quinoa flour with 30% PK MF and 40% starch (Treatments 13, 14 and 15); 20% PK quinoa flour with 40% MF-PK and 40% starch (Treatments 16, 17 and 18); in both varieties, corn (AM), potato (AP) and cassava (AY) starch were used. For the comparisons, a control (60% quinoa flour, 0% MF and 40% starch) was considered for each variety of quinoa and starch: Control RH-AP, Control RH-AM, Control RH-AY (Treatments 1, 2 and 3) and Control PK-AP, Control PK-AM, Control PK-AY (Treatments 10, 11 and 12). The doughs were evaluated with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with a 3x3 factorial arrangement for each quinoa variety. The fermentation process of all the MF was controlled until reaching a pH of 4.5. Textural characteristics were evaluated in the bread doughs using the back extrusion method. Specific volume, water holding capacity, water activity (aw), weight loss during baking and texture profile analysis were evaluated in the breads. The application of fermented dough significantly decreased the characteristics of hardness and consistency (p < 0.05) in the doughs with cassava starches. Applying MF, in the doughs with cassava starches significantly decreased the characteristics of hardness and consistency (p < 0.05). When MF was applied, the breads acquired lower hardness values. In the breads with higher acceptability, the hardness went from 17.31±2.6 N to 9.78±0.5 N (treatment # 7 20RH40MF - AP) and the PK variety went from 8.83±0.5 N to 3.74±0.3 N (treatment # 13 30PK30MF - AP). In conclusion, using MF improved characteristics such as aw, specific volume and texture in gluten-free breads.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias.
Departamento Académico de Tecnología de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Pan sin gluten
Citation
Date
2024
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