Análisis de la variabilidad entre especies de camélidos sudamericanos utilizando genes relacionados a la inmunidad
Authors
Romero Qwistgaard, Anthony Mijail
Abstract
El presente estudio evaluó la diversidad genética presente en genes relacionados a la inmunidad dentro de 3 especies de camélidos sudamericanos (Vicugna pacos, Lama glama y Vicugna vicugna) con el fin de evidenciar si las especies salvajes presentan una mayor variabilidad en comparación con sus parientes domesticados. Se obtuvo el ADN nuclear mediante la extracción de glóbulos blancos por la metodología Salting out (Aljanabi & Martinez, 1997) modificado por el laboratorio de ecología molecular y biodiversidad de la UNMSM. Posteriormente se amplificaron por PCR de punto final las regiones ricas en Leucinas de los genes Toll Like Receptor y los exones número 2 del MHC clase II mediante cebadores elaborados específicamente para camélidos. Los productos de la amplificación fueron secuenciados obteniéndose 49 secuencias para el gen TLR2, 54 para el gen TLR4 y 20 pertenecientes al gen DRB1 del MHC clase II para posteriormente realizar una estimación de los haplotipos parentales más probables (PHASE) y con ello poder hacer el análisis de la diversidad y diferenciación genética. Se obtuvieron un total de 40 haplotipos diferentes y 25 sitios polimórficos distribuidos entre los tres genes evaluados. El análisis evidencio una variabilidad ligeramente alta del gen TLR2 dentro de la población de vicuñas y una alta variabilidad del gen TLR4 en llamas. La diferenciación genética fue muy elevada entre llamas y vicuñas y moderada entre alpacas y vicuñas. Se concluye que las alpacas, llamas y vicuña presentan una similar variabilidad genética para las regiones LRR en los genes TLR2 y TLR4 y para el exón 2 del gen DRB1. Este el primer trabajo que analiza la diversidad de genes ligados a la inmunidad dentro de la población de camélidos sudamericanos.
This study assessed the genetic diversity present in immunity-related genes within 3 South American camelids species (Vicugna pacos, Lama glama and Vicugna vicugna) to show whether wild species have greater variability compared to their domesticated relatives. Nuclear DNA was obtained by the extraction of white blood cells by Salting out (Aljanabi & Martinez, 1997) methodology modified by UNMSM's molecular ecology and biodiversity laboratory. Subsequently, the Leucine-rich regions of the Toll-Like Receptor genes and the number 2 exons of the MHC class II were amplified by end-point PCR by primers made specifically for camelids. The amplification products were sequenced obtaining 49 sequences for the TLR2 gene, 54 for the TLR4 gene, and 20 belonging to the DRB1 gene of the Class II MHC and subsequently perform an estimate of the most likely parental haplotypes (PHASE) and thus be able to analyze diversity and genetic differentiation. A total of 40 different haplotypes and 25 polymorphic sites were obtained distributed among the three genes evaluated. The analysis showed slightly high variability of the TLR2 gene within the vicuña population and high variability of the TLR4 gene on llamas. Genetic differentiation was remarkably high between llamas and vicuñas and moderate between alpacas and vicuñas. It is concluded that alpacas, llamas, and vicuña exhibit a similar genetic variability for the LRR regions in the TLR2 and TLR4 genes and for exon 2 of the DRB1 gene. This is the first work that analyses the diversity of immunity-linked genes within the South American camelid´s population.
This study assessed the genetic diversity present in immunity-related genes within 3 South American camelids species (Vicugna pacos, Lama glama and Vicugna vicugna) to show whether wild species have greater variability compared to their domesticated relatives. Nuclear DNA was obtained by the extraction of white blood cells by Salting out (Aljanabi & Martinez, 1997) methodology modified by UNMSM's molecular ecology and biodiversity laboratory. Subsequently, the Leucine-rich regions of the Toll-Like Receptor genes and the number 2 exons of the MHC class II were amplified by end-point PCR by primers made specifically for camelids. The amplification products were sequenced obtaining 49 sequences for the TLR2 gene, 54 for the TLR4 gene, and 20 belonging to the DRB1 gene of the Class II MHC and subsequently perform an estimate of the most likely parental haplotypes (PHASE) and thus be able to analyze diversity and genetic differentiation. A total of 40 different haplotypes and 25 polymorphic sites were obtained distributed among the three genes evaluated. The analysis showed slightly high variability of the TLR2 gene within the vicuña population and high variability of the TLR4 gene on llamas. Genetic differentiation was remarkably high between llamas and vicuñas and moderate between alpacas and vicuñas. It is concluded that alpacas, llamas, and vicuña exhibit a similar genetic variability for the LRR regions in the TLR2 and TLR4 genes and for exon 2 of the DRB1 gene. This is the first work that analyses the diversity of immunity-linked genes within the South American camelid´s population.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento Académico de Biología
Keywords
Camélidos; Variación genética; Marcadores genéticos; ADN Mitocondrial; Conservación biológica; Evaluación; Perú; Variabilidad genética; Capacidad inmune
Citation
Date
2022
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