Comparación de propiedades físicas de tres formulaciones de chocolate con diferentes porcentajes de pasta de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) CCN 51
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Authors
Cuadrado Bedoya, Arelys María
Abstract
Los ingredientes utilizados en la elaboración del chocolate afectan directamente en su calidad, tanto sensorial como física y, en esta última, sobre todo en lo reológico. Es una práctica recurrente que las empresas varíen las formulaciones por la necesidad de sustituir insumos, hacer mezclas de diversos tipos de cacao, entre otras modificaciones propias del quehacer industrial, todo lo cual tienen efecto sobre la calidad física del chocolate. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar las propiedades físicas de tres formulaciones de chocolate al 70 por ciento de cacao CCN 51 con diferentes porcentajes de pasta. Obteniéndose en el análisis proximal de los granos de cacao CCN 51 : 4,90 ± 0,04 por ciento de contenido de humedad; 13,45 ± 0,12 por ciento de proteína cruda (b.s); 53,10 ± 0,06 por ciento de grasa cruda (b.s); 3,25 ± 0,02 por ciento de ceniza (b.s) y 30,20 ± 0,08 por ciento de carbohidratos totales (b.s). Con respecto a la pasta y cocoa en polvo tuvieron un contenido de humedad (b.h) de 2,09 ± 0,07 y 3,76 ± 0,01 por ciento y 53,67 ± 0,01 y 31,12 ± 0,05 por ciento grasa (b.s), respectivamente. Los valores obtenidos de las propiedades físicas fueron: viscosidades de 4,78 ± 0,36; 7,88 ± 0,25 y 3,26 ± 0,14 Pa.s; esfuerzos mínimos de fluencia de 18,57 ± 2,40; 21,83 ± 0,67 y 14,50 ± 1,14 Pa; valores del componente L* del color de 27,49 ± 0,06; 28,58 ± 0,02 y 28,43 ± 0,02; y tamaños de partículas de 52,97 ± 9,82; 53,60 ± 15,46 y 43,33 ± 3,84 μm respectivamente. Finalmente se concluye que un p<0,05, existen diferencias significativas en las propiedades físicas: viscosidad, esfuerzo mínimo de fluencia y color; excepto para el caso de tamaño de partícula donde las muestras son homogéneas.
The ingredients used in the production of chocolate directly affect its quality, both sensory and physical and, in the latter, especially rheological. It is a recurring practice for companies to vary formulations due to the need to substitute inputs, make mixtures of various types of cocoa, among other modifications typical of industrial work, all of which have an effect on the physical quality of the chocolate. The objective of this research was to compare the physical properties of three formulations of 70 percent CCN 51 cocoa chocolates with different percentages of paste. Obtaining in the proximal analysis of the CCN 51 cocoa beans: 4.90 ± 0.04 percent moisture content; 13.45 ± 0.12 percent crude protein (b.s); 53.10 ± 0.06 percent crude fat (b.s); 3.25 ± 0.02 percent of ash (b.s) and 30.20 ± 0.08 percent of total carbohydrates (b.s). Regarding the paste and cocoa powder, they had a moisture content (b.h) of 2.09 ± 0.07 and 3.76 ± 0.01 percent and 53.67 ± 0.01 and 31.12 ± 0. 05 percent fat (b.s), respectively. The values obtained from the physical properties were: viscosities of 4.78 ± 0.36; 7.88 ± 0.25 and 3.26 ± 0.14 Pa. s; minimum yield stresses of 18.57 ± 2.40; 21.83 ± 0.67 and 14.50 ± 1.14 Pa; color L* component values of 27.49 ± 0.06; 28.58 ± 0.02 and 28.43 ± 0.02; and particle sizes of 52.97 ± 9.82; 53.60 ± 15.46 and 43.33 ± 3.84 μm respectively. Finally, it is concluded that at p<0.05, there are significant differences in the physical properties: viscosity, minimum yield stress and color; except for the case of particle size where the samples are homogeneous.
The ingredients used in the production of chocolate directly affect its quality, both sensory and physical and, in the latter, especially rheological. It is a recurring practice for companies to vary formulations due to the need to substitute inputs, make mixtures of various types of cocoa, among other modifications typical of industrial work, all of which have an effect on the physical quality of the chocolate. The objective of this research was to compare the physical properties of three formulations of 70 percent CCN 51 cocoa chocolates with different percentages of paste. Obtaining in the proximal analysis of the CCN 51 cocoa beans: 4.90 ± 0.04 percent moisture content; 13.45 ± 0.12 percent crude protein (b.s); 53.10 ± 0.06 percent crude fat (b.s); 3.25 ± 0.02 percent of ash (b.s) and 30.20 ± 0.08 percent of total carbohydrates (b.s). Regarding the paste and cocoa powder, they had a moisture content (b.h) of 2.09 ± 0.07 and 3.76 ± 0.01 percent and 53.67 ± 0.01 and 31.12 ± 0. 05 percent fat (b.s), respectively. The values obtained from the physical properties were: viscosities of 4.78 ± 0.36; 7.88 ± 0.25 and 3.26 ± 0.14 Pa. s; minimum yield stresses of 18.57 ± 2.40; 21.83 ± 0.67 and 14.50 ± 1.14 Pa; color L* component values of 27.49 ± 0.06; 28.58 ± 0.02 and 28.43 ± 0.02; and particle sizes of 52.97 ± 9.82; 53.60 ± 15.46 and 43.33 ± 3.84 μm respectively. Finally, it is concluded that at p<0.05, there are significant differences in the physical properties: viscosity, minimum yield stress and color; except for the case of particle size where the samples are homogeneous.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias.
Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Chocolate
Citation
Date
2024
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