Estrés biótico en diferentes variedades de café con poblaciones de Hemileia vastatrix provenientes de la selva central del Perú
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Authors
León Rojas, Fabiola Rubí
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Abstract
La roya del café (Hemileia vastatrix) es una amenaza para la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas cafetaleros en Perú, disminuyendo hasta el 40% de la producción desde 2013. Comprender la interacción entre las plantas de café y el patógeno es crucial para desarrollar estrategias de manejo sostenible. Este estudio investiga la patogenicidad de diferentes aislados de H. vastatrix en variedades de café susceptibles y resistentes. El estudio se llevó a cabo en el fundo de la Universidad Nacional Agraria "Génova" en San Ramón, Chanchamayo. Se realizaron tres fases: (1) Agresividad de aislados de H. vastatrix en variedades susceptibles (Caturra y Bourbon), (2) Agresividad y virulencia en variedades resistentes (Catimor, Tupi y Obatá) y (3) Análisis multivariado de las variables estudiadas en las fases anteriores. Se recolectaron muestras en 18 puntos en las provincias de Chanchamayo y Oxapampa, y se inocularon uredosporas en plantas de café bajo condiciones controladas. En la primera fase, los aislados mostraron alta agresividad en variedades susceptibles, afectando significativamente su eficiencia fotosintética. En la segunda fase, Catimor fue la única variedad susceptible a los aislados 1RC a 11RC, mientras que Obatá y Tupi mostraron resistencia a todos los aislados. La agresividad no siempre se correlacionó con la virulencia, sugiriendo que los síntomas de resistencia incompleta podrían relacionarse más con la menor agresividad de algunos aislados que con genes de resistencia específicos. En conclusión, los aislados de H. vastatrix exhiben diversos grados de agresividad y virulencia, afectando la eficiencia fotosintética de las plantas de café. Las variedades resistentes como Tupi y Obatá mantienen mejor salud fotosintética bajo estrés por patógenos, destacando la importancia de seleccionar variedades resistentes para una producción de café sostenible.
Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is a serious threat to the sustainability of coffee farming systems in Peru, having reduced production by up to 40% since 2013. Understanding how coffee plants interact with this pathogen is key to developing sustainable management strategies. This study explores the pathogenic behavior of different H. vastatrix isolates on both susceptible and resistant coffee varieties. The research took place at the experimental farm of the National Agrarian University “Génova” in San Ramón, Chanchamayo, and was carried out in three phases: (1) evaluating the aggressiveness of H. vastatrix isolates on susceptible varieties (Caturra and Bourbon), (2) assessing aggressiveness and virulence on resistant varieties (Catimor, Tupi, and Obatá), and (3) conducting multivariate analysis of the data collected in the first two phases. Samples were gathered from 18 locations in the provinces of Chanchamayo and Oxapampa, and urediniospores were inoculated onto coffee plants under controlled conditions. In the first phase, the isolates showed high aggressiveness on susceptible varieties, significantly reducing their photosynthetic efficiency. In the second phase, Catimor was the only variety affected by isolates 1RC to 11RC, while Obatá and Tupi remained resistant to all. The aggressiveness did not always match virulence, suggesting that symptoms of partial resistance may be more closely related to lower aggressiveness in some isolates rather than the presence of specific resistance genes. In conclusion, H. vastatrix isolates vary in their aggressiveness and virulence, which can impact the photosynthetic health of coffee plants. Resistant varieties like Tupi and Obatá maintained better photosynthetic performance under pathogen stress, emphasizing the value of choosing resistant cultivars for more sustainable coffee production.
Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is a serious threat to the sustainability of coffee farming systems in Peru, having reduced production by up to 40% since 2013. Understanding how coffee plants interact with this pathogen is key to developing sustainable management strategies. This study explores the pathogenic behavior of different H. vastatrix isolates on both susceptible and resistant coffee varieties. The research took place at the experimental farm of the National Agrarian University “Génova” in San Ramón, Chanchamayo, and was carried out in three phases: (1) evaluating the aggressiveness of H. vastatrix isolates on susceptible varieties (Caturra and Bourbon), (2) assessing aggressiveness and virulence on resistant varieties (Catimor, Tupi, and Obatá), and (3) conducting multivariate analysis of the data collected in the first two phases. Samples were gathered from 18 locations in the provinces of Chanchamayo and Oxapampa, and urediniospores were inoculated onto coffee plants under controlled conditions. In the first phase, the isolates showed high aggressiveness on susceptible varieties, significantly reducing their photosynthetic efficiency. In the second phase, Catimor was the only variety affected by isolates 1RC to 11RC, while Obatá and Tupi remained resistant to all. The aggressiveness did not always match virulence, suggesting that symptoms of partial resistance may be more closely related to lower aggressiveness in some isolates rather than the presence of specific resistance genes. In conclusion, H. vastatrix isolates vary in their aggressiveness and virulence, which can impact the photosynthetic health of coffee plants. Resistant varieties like Tupi and Obatá maintained better photosynthetic performance under pathogen stress, emphasizing the value of choosing resistant cultivars for more sustainable coffee production.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Agricultura Sustentable
Keywords
Roya del café
Citation
Date
2025
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