Elaboración de ensilado biológico utilizando subproductos de Trucha (Oncorhynchus mykiss) y Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) como fuente de carbohidratos
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Authors
Torres Soto, Maria Elizabeth
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Abstract
El objetivo del estudio fue elaborar un ensilado biológico utilizando subproductos crudos de trucha arco iris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) y mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) como fuente de carbohidrato, como reemplazo parcial de la melaza de caña. La investigación se enmarcó en el modelo de economía circular y valorización de remanentes o subproductos orgánicos altamente perecibles provenientes del procesamiento de trucha. Se formularon 17 diferentes tratamientos variando los porcentajes de mashua de descarte y consorcio de bacterias ácido lácticas (BAL) como inóculo fermentativo. Se realizó la caracterización físico-química y microbiológica del ensilado obtenido, evaluando también el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales, la capacidad antioxidante mediante los métodos DPPH y ABTS, así como, la oxidación lipídica por el método TBARS. Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento T5, que incluyó un 5% de mashua, 20% de BAL, 15% de melaza, 60% de subproductos de trucha, presentó mejores características químicas: pH y acidez; además, se tuvo excelentes características sensoriales y la composición química presentó 6,12% de grasa, 66,7% de humedad, 14,62% de proteína, 9,06% de carbohidratos y 3,5% de ceniza; la capacidad antioxidante por los métodos ABTS y DPPH fue de 337.07 µmol TE/g y 266.65 µmol TE/g, se obtuvo además 20.59 mg AGE/g de contenido de fenólicos totales, y una oxidación lipídica de 0.51 mg MDA/kg al día 30. El análisis microbiológico evidenció predominancia de Lactobacillus spp. y niveles aceptables de aerobios mesófilos, demostrando la inocuidad del producto obtenido. La mashua fue una alternativa eficaz como fuente de carbohidratos fermentables, ya que no solo favorece el proceso de ensilado, sino que también mejoró el valor funcional del producto final, aportando antioxidantes naturales que incrementan su estabilidad y potencial en la alimentación animal.
The objective of the study was to produce a biological silage using raw rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by-products and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) as a carbohydrate source, partially replacing cane molasses. The research was framed within the circular economy model and the valorization of highly perishable organic residues or by-products from trout processing. Seventeen different treatments were formulated by varying the percentages of discarded mashua and a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a fermentation inoculum. The physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the resulting silage was carried out, also evaluating the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity by the DPPH and ABTS methods, and lipid oxidation by the TBARS method. The results showed that treatment T5, which included 5% mashua, 20% BAL, 15% molasses, and 60% trout by-products, exhibited better chemical characteristics (pH and acidity); furthermore, it had excellent sensory properties, and its chemical composition was 6.12% fat, 66.7% moisture, 14.62% protein, 9.06% carbohydrates, and 3.5% ash; the antioxidant capacity, as measured by the ABTS and DPPH methods, was 337.07 µmol TE/g and 266.65 µmol TE/g, respectively; the total phenolic content was 20.59 mg GAE/g; and lipid oxidation was 0.51 mg MDA/kg on day 30. Microbiological analysis revealed a predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and acceptable levels of mesophilic aerobes, demonstrating the safety of the resulting product. Mashua proved to be an effective alternative as a source of fermentable carbohydrates, as it not only facilitated the ensiling process but also enhanced the functional value of the final product, providing natural antioxidants that increase its stability and potential in animal feed.
The objective of the study was to produce a biological silage using raw rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by-products and mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) as a carbohydrate source, partially replacing cane molasses. The research was framed within the circular economy model and the valorization of highly perishable organic residues or by-products from trout processing. Seventeen different treatments were formulated by varying the percentages of discarded mashua and a consortium of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a fermentation inoculum. The physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the resulting silage was carried out, also evaluating the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity by the DPPH and ABTS methods, and lipid oxidation by the TBARS method. The results showed that treatment T5, which included 5% mashua, 20% BAL, 15% molasses, and 60% trout by-products, exhibited better chemical characteristics (pH and acidity); furthermore, it had excellent sensory properties, and its chemical composition was 6.12% fat, 66.7% moisture, 14.62% protein, 9.06% carbohydrates, and 3.5% ash; the antioxidant capacity, as measured by the ABTS and DPPH methods, was 337.07 µmol TE/g and 266.65 µmol TE/g, respectively; the total phenolic content was 20.59 mg GAE/g; and lipid oxidation was 0.51 mg MDA/kg on day 30. Microbiological analysis revealed a predominance of Lactobacillus spp. and acceptable levels of mesophilic aerobes, demonstrating the safety of the resulting product. Mashua proved to be an effective alternative as a source of fermentable carbohydrates, as it not only facilitated the ensiling process but also enhanced the functional value of the final product, providing natural antioxidants that increase its stability and potential in animal feed.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Pesquería. Departamento
Académico de Acuicultura e Industrias Pesqueras
Keywords
Ensilado biológico; Trucha; Mashua; Carbohidratos; Fermentación; Alimentación; Acuicultura
Citation
Date
2026
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