Influencia de la densidad de cultivo sobre el estrés en juveniles de Oreochromis niloticus cultivados en sistemas con tecnología Biofloc
Authors
Aquino Ortega, Ronald Alberto
Abstract
El empleo de organismos acuáticos para el cultivo en altas densidades como un medio para aumentar la productividad se ha convertido en una tendencia importante de los acuicultores a nivel mundial. El objetivo de ésta investigación fue determinar los efectos de diferentes densidades de cultivo sobre los parámetros bioquímicos y hematológicos en individuos juveniles de O. niloticus cultivados en un sistema de producción con tecnología biofloc. Se trabajó con tres tratamientos, en las siguientes cargas iniciales: 3.12, 8.42 y 15.57 Kg/m3 (T1, T2 y T3, respectivamente), en un volumen de agua de 250 L y peso total promedio de 88.9 ± 2.54 g. Los tratamientos fueron mantenidos en una relación de C:N de 15:1. El experimento duró 57 días, y en ese transcurso se colectó tres muestras de sangre (al inicio, intermedio, y final del experimento), mediante punción de la vena caudal. Se extrajo 0.5 mL del 20% de la población por cada repetición para cuantificar parámetros bioquímicos, y 0.5 mL de otro 20% de la población para cuantificar parámetros hematológicos a través de métodos estandarizados. Se realizaron biometrías quincenales para evaluar el desempeño productivo de la tilapia. Los resultados mostraron un incremento en los parámetros bioquímicos y hematológicos al inicio del experimento en los tres tratamientos, con un descenso hacia el final del experimento en los niveles de cortisol, hemoglobina, hematocrito y en el conteo de eritrocitos. Se presentó diferencias significativas en temperatura, conductividad y sólidos sedimentables de T1 y T2 frente a T3; mientras que se determinó diferencias entre todos los tratamientos en oxígeno disuelto, porcentaje de saturación, pH, nitrógeno amoniacal total y amonio no ionizado y nitrato (p<0.05), sin embargo, los datos obtenidos se encuentran dentro del rango óptimo para el cultivo, a excepción de la conductividad eléctrica. Los resultados referentes a parámetros productivos indicaron inhibición del crecimiento en los tres tratamientos durante las primeras 4 semanas, luego del cual hubo un incremento del peso, alcanzando T2 y T3 mayor ganancia de peso, respecto de T1. A su vez, se obtuvo sobrevivencias superiores al 95% en todos los tratamientos.
The use of aquatic organisms for cultivation at high density as a means to increase productivity has become an important trend for fish farmers worldwide. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of different culture densities on the biochemical and hematological parameters in juvenile O. niloticus individuals cultured in a production system with biofloc technology. We worked with three treatments, in the following initial loads: 3.12, 8.42 and 15.57 Kg/m3 (T1, T2 and T3, respectively), in a volume of water of 250 L and average total weight of 88.9 ± 2.54 g. The treatments were maintained in a C: N ratio of 15: 1. The experiment lasted 57 days, and in this course three samples were taken (at the beginning, intermediate, and end of the experiment), by puncture of the caudal vein. We extracted 0.5 mL of 20% of the population for each tanque to quantify biochemical parameters, and 0.5 mL of another 20% of the population to quantify hematological parameters through standardized methods. Biweekly biometries were performed to evaluate the productive performance of the tilapia. The results showed an increase in the biochemical and hematological parameters at the beginning of the experiment in the three treatments, with a decrease towards the end of the experiment in the levels of cortisol, hemoglobin, hematocrit and in the erythrocyte count. There were significant differences in temperature, conductivity and sedimentable solids of T1 and T2 versus T3; while differences were determined between all the treatments in dissolved oxygen, percentage of saturation, pH, total ammonia nitrogen and non-ionized ammonium and nitrate (p <0.05). However, the data obtained are within the optimum range for the cultivation, except for electrical conductivity. The results referring to productive parameters indicated growth inhibition in the three treatments during the first 4 weeks, after which there was an increase in weight, reaching T2 and T3 greater weight gain, with respect to T1. In turn, survival of more than 95% was obtained in all treatments.
The use of aquatic organisms for cultivation at high density as a means to increase productivity has become an important trend for fish farmers worldwide. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of different culture densities on the biochemical and hematological parameters in juvenile O. niloticus individuals cultured in a production system with biofloc technology. We worked with three treatments, in the following initial loads: 3.12, 8.42 and 15.57 Kg/m3 (T1, T2 and T3, respectively), in a volume of water of 250 L and average total weight of 88.9 ± 2.54 g. The treatments were maintained in a C: N ratio of 15: 1. The experiment lasted 57 days, and in this course three samples were taken (at the beginning, intermediate, and end of the experiment), by puncture of the caudal vein. We extracted 0.5 mL of 20% of the population for each tanque to quantify biochemical parameters, and 0.5 mL of another 20% of the population to quantify hematological parameters through standardized methods. Biweekly biometries were performed to evaluate the productive performance of the tilapia. The results showed an increase in the biochemical and hematological parameters at the beginning of the experiment in the three treatments, with a decrease towards the end of the experiment in the levels of cortisol, hemoglobin, hematocrit and in the erythrocyte count. There were significant differences in temperature, conductivity and sedimentable solids of T1 and T2 versus T3; while differences were determined between all the treatments in dissolved oxygen, percentage of saturation, pH, total ammonia nitrogen and non-ionized ammonium and nitrate (p <0.05). However, the data obtained are within the optimum range for the cultivation, except for electrical conductivity. The results referring to productive parameters indicated growth inhibition in the three treatments during the first 4 weeks, after which there was an increase in weight, reaching T2 and T3 greater weight gain, with respect to T1. In turn, survival of more than 95% was obtained in all treatments.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Acuicultura
Keywords
Oreochromis niloticus; Formas juveniles; Densidad de la población; Acuicultura; Estrés; Sangre; Glucosa; Análisis biológico; Técnicas analíticas; Diseño experimental; Evaluación; Perú; Tilapia del Nilo; Sistema Biofloc
Citation
Date
2019
Collections
Seleccionar año de consulta:
Licencia de uso
Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess