Aplicación de biofertilizante en el crecimiento de maíz (Zea mays) y su efecto residual en acelga (Beta vulgaris var. cicla)
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Authors
Almonacid Casachagua, Abigail Antonia
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Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la aplicación de un biofertilizante en el crecimiento del maíz (Zea mays) y determinar su efecto residual sobre un cultivo de acelga (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) establecido en el mismo sustrato, en rotación con maíz, bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se instalaron diez tratamientos: T1 (0% N), T2 (biofertilizante al 1%), T3 (100% N), T4 – T8 (80% a 20% N + biofertilizante al 1%), T9 (estrés hídrico 20% + biofertilizante al 1%) y T10 (estrés hídrico 30% + biofertilizante al 1%), todos con 200 mg/kg P-K. El estrés hídrico se aplicó reduciendo el riego a 80% (T9) y 70% (T10) del volumen estándar. El diseño experimental fue un Diseño Completo al Azar con 50 macetas como unidades experimentales. En el cultivo de maíz, los tratamientos con 100 % de nitrógeno mineral presentaron los mayores valores de crecimiento y acumulación de biomasa. No obstante, las combinaciones con biofertilizante permitieron reducir parcialmente la dosis de urea sin afectar de manera importante las variables fisiológicas y de crecimiento, evidenciando un uso más eficiente del nitrógeno cuando se integraron fuentes orgánicas y minerales. En el cultivo subsecuente de acelga, el efecto residual del biofertilizante fue más evidente que en el maíz, especialmente en la producción de biomasa. Los tratamientos que previamente recibieron biofertilizante mostraron un mejor desempeño frente a aquellos manejados únicamente con fertilización inorgánica. En conjunto, los resultados indican que, aunque el nitrógeno mineral presenta una respuesta inmediata mayor en el maíz, el biofertilizante aporta beneficios residuales relevantes en la rotación maízacelga, constituyendo una alternativa sostenible para el manejo nutricional en sistemas de cultivo sucesivo.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of a biofertilizer on the growth of corn (Zea mays) and determine its residual effect on a chard crop (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) established in the same substrate, in rotation with corn, under greenhouse conditions. Ten treatments were set up: T1 (0% N), T2 (1% biofertilizer), T3 (100% N), T4 – T8 (80% to 20% N + 1% biofertilizer), T9 (20% water stress + 1% biofertilizer), and T10 (30% water stress + 1% biofertilizer), all with 200 mg/kg P-K. Water stress was applied by reducing irrigation to 80% (T9) and 70% (T10) of the standard volume. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 50 pots as experimental units. In corn cultivation, treatments with 100% mineral nitrogen showed the highest values for growth and biomass accumulation. However, combinations with biofertilizer allowed for a partial reduction in the urea dose without significantly affecting physiological and growth variables, demonstrating a more efficient use of nitrogen when organic and mineral sources were integrated. In the subsequent cultivation of Swiss chard, the residual effect of the biofertilizer was more evident than in corn, especially in biomass production. Treatments that had previously received biofertilizer performed better than those managed solely with inorganic fertilization. Overall, the results indicate that, although mineral nitrogen has a greater immediate response in corn, biofertilizer provides significant residual benefits in corn-chard rotation, constituting a sustainable alternative for nutritional management in successive cropping systems.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of a biofertilizer on the growth of corn (Zea mays) and determine its residual effect on a chard crop (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) established in the same substrate, in rotation with corn, under greenhouse conditions. Ten treatments were set up: T1 (0% N), T2 (1% biofertilizer), T3 (100% N), T4 – T8 (80% to 20% N + 1% biofertilizer), T9 (20% water stress + 1% biofertilizer), and T10 (30% water stress + 1% biofertilizer), all with 200 mg/kg P-K. Water stress was applied by reducing irrigation to 80% (T9) and 70% (T10) of the standard volume. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with 50 pots as experimental units. In corn cultivation, treatments with 100% mineral nitrogen showed the highest values for growth and biomass accumulation. However, combinations with biofertilizer allowed for a partial reduction in the urea dose without significantly affecting physiological and growth variables, demonstrating a more efficient use of nitrogen when organic and mineral sources were integrated. In the subsequent cultivation of Swiss chard, the residual effect of the biofertilizer was more evident than in corn, especially in biomass production. Treatments that had previously received biofertilizer performed better than those managed solely with inorganic fertilization. Overall, the results indicate that, although mineral nitrogen has a greater immediate response in corn, biofertilizer provides significant residual benefits in corn-chard rotation, constituting a sustainable alternative for nutritional management in successive cropping systems.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Suelos
Keywords
Biofertilizante
Citation
Date
2026
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

