Valoración de los residuos poscosecha de Jenjibre (Zingiber officinale) en función de su actividad antioxidante
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Authors
Jorge Montalvo, Paola Aurelia
Abstract
La poscosecha del jengibre (Zingiber officinale) genera residuos relativos, un 2,6 por ciento del peso del rizoma de jengibre, que se eliminan en vertederos y constituyen una fuente de contaminación. El objetivo del estudio fue valorar los residuos poscosecha de jengibre (brote, dedo, picadillo, tronco, raíz y raicilla) del distrito de Pichanaki (Perú), mediante la obtención de un producto seco en polvo con similar contenido de compuestos fenólicos, actividad antioxidante y actividad inhibitoria de la peroxidación lipídica a nivel gástrico que el rizoma. Se utilizaron los métodos de secado a la estufa y extracción con reflujo por tener la mayor actividad antioxidante y ser eficiente en el tiempo, respectivamente, entre otros métodos de secado y extracción. Se determinaron los compuestos fenólicos (contenido de fenoles totales TPC, contenido de flavonoides totales TFC, 6-gingerol 6-G, 6-shogaol 6-S), la actividad antioxidante (poder antioxidante reductor férrico FRAP, radical 2,2-difenil-1- picrilhidrazilo DPPH), la composición nutricional, la morfología superficial y estructural, y la inhibición de la peroxidación lipídica a nivel gástrico; las variables se correlacionaron mediante la matriz de Pearson y el Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP). Los residuos brote, dedo, picadillo y tronco mostraron un contenido de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante similares a los del rizoma, corroborados por el análisis de la morfología superficial y estructural; asimismo, inhibieron la peroxidación lipídica a nivel gástrico.
Además, el contenido de compuestos fenólicos se correlacionó positivamente con la actividad antioxidante, y el mayor contenido de compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante se correlacionaron con el mayor contenido de nutrientes como carbohidratos y con el menor contenido de cenizas y fibra. En conclusión, los residuos poscosecha brote, dedo, picadillo y tronco del distrito de Pichanaki (Perú) pueden ser reincorporados a la cadena de valor del jengibre como un producto seco en polvo con propiedades funcionales similares al rizoma de jengibre.
The post-harvesting of ginger (Zingiber officinale) generates relative residues, 2.6 percent of the weight of the ginger rhizome, which is disposed of in landfills and constitutes a source of pollution. The objective of the study was to valorize the postharvest residues of ginger (shoot, finger, slice, trunk, root, and rootlets) from the district of Pichanaki (Peru), by obtaining a dry powdered product with similar content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation at a gastric level as the rhizome. Ovendrying and reflux extraction methods were used for having the highest antioxidant activity ang being time efficient, respectively, among other drying and extraction methods. Phenolic compounds (total phenol content TPC, total flavonoid content TFC, 6-gingerol 6-G, 6- shogaol 6-S), antioxidant activity (reducing ferric antioxidant power FRAP, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical DPPH), nutritional composition, surface and structural morphology and inhibition of lipid peroxidation at the gastric level were determined; variables were correlated by Pearson matrix and principal component analysis (PCA). The shoot, finger, chopped, and trunk residues showed similar phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity to those from the rhizome, corroborated by analysis of surface and structural morphology; they also inhibited lipid peroxidation at the gastric level. In addition, the content of phenolic compounds was positively correlated with antioxidant activity, and the higher content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity correlated with the higher content of nutrients such as carbohydrates, and the lower content of ash and fiber. In conclusion, postharvest residues shoot, fingers, slice, and trunk from the Pichanaki district (Peru) can be reincorporated into the ginger value chain as a dried powdered product with functional properties similar to ginger rhizome.
The post-harvesting of ginger (Zingiber officinale) generates relative residues, 2.6 percent of the weight of the ginger rhizome, which is disposed of in landfills and constitutes a source of pollution. The objective of the study was to valorize the postharvest residues of ginger (shoot, finger, slice, trunk, root, and rootlets) from the district of Pichanaki (Peru), by obtaining a dry powdered product with similar content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation at a gastric level as the rhizome. Ovendrying and reflux extraction methods were used for having the highest antioxidant activity ang being time efficient, respectively, among other drying and extraction methods. Phenolic compounds (total phenol content TPC, total flavonoid content TFC, 6-gingerol 6-G, 6- shogaol 6-S), antioxidant activity (reducing ferric antioxidant power FRAP, 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical DPPH), nutritional composition, surface and structural morphology and inhibition of lipid peroxidation at the gastric level were determined; variables were correlated by Pearson matrix and principal component analysis (PCA). The shoot, finger, chopped, and trunk residues showed similar phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity to those from the rhizome, corroborated by analysis of surface and structural morphology; they also inhibited lipid peroxidation at the gastric level. In addition, the content of phenolic compounds was positively correlated with antioxidant activity, and the higher content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity correlated with the higher content of nutrients such as carbohydrates, and the lower content of ash and fiber. In conclusion, postharvest residues shoot, fingers, slice, and trunk from the Pichanaki district (Peru) can be reincorporated into the ginger value chain as a dried powdered product with functional properties similar to ginger rhizome.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Nutrición
Keywords
Alimentación; Análisis económico; Composición química; Desechos agrícolas; Evaluación; Gengibre; Perú; Residuos de cosechas
Citation
Date
2023
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