Viabilidad en semillas de alcachofa (Cynara scolymus L.)
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Authors
Rivera Bocanegra, Oscar Edmundo
Abstract
El cultivo de la alcachofa (Cynara scolymus L.) en el Perú y la región está generando una gran importancia económica, por ello, las empresas agrícolas y agroindustriales requieren de un respaldo técnico que les permita elegir la mejor semilla para su producción. El objetivo principal fue proponer una metodología estandarizada de la prueba de viabilidad por medio de la descripción morfológica de la semilla, la determinación del pretratamiento y la duración de la inmersión de la semilla en el tetrazolio. La metodología fue por etapas. La primera consistió en la descripción morfológica de la semilla, remojándola en agua y realizando cortes longitudinales, y transversales. La segunda etapa consistió en el ensayo de germinación, tomando 400 semillas en papel enrollado a temperatura alterna 20 -30 °C, durante 21 días. La última etapa fue el ensayo de viabilidad que tuvo dos experimentos; el primero consistió en un DCA con arreglo factorial combinando el sustrato para la humidificación (factor A), el estado del pericarpio (factor B), la temperatura de humidificación (factor C) y el tiempo de humidificación (factor D). El segundo ensayo consistió también en un DCA con arreglo factorial combinando dos factores: cubierta protectora (P) y tiempo de inmersión en el tetrazolio (T). En el análisis estadístico el factor principal (P) y la interacción (P * T) resultaron altamente significativos, mientras que el factor principal (T) fue significativo con un CV de 12.7 por ciento. Entre las conclusiones se indican que la semilla de alcachofa es una Cipsela que encierra a una semilla probablemente completa con germinación epigea. Además, se encontró que la forma más sencilla para remover el pericarpio previo a la tinción fue remojarla por 72 horas a 20 °C. Finalmente, los porcentajes más altos de viabilidad se obtuvieron entre 2 a 6 horas de inmersión en el tetrazolio.
The cultivation of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in Peru and the region is generating great economic importance, therefore, agricultural and agroindustrial companies require a technical support that allows them to choose the best seed for their production. The main objective was to propose a standardized methodology of the feasibility test by means of the morphological description of the seed, the determination of the pretreatment and the duration of the seed immersion in the tetrazolium. The methodology was in stages. The first consisted in the morphological description of the seed, soaking it in water and making longitudinal and transverse cuts. The second stage consisted of the germination test, taking 400 seeds in rolled paper at an alternating temperature 20 -30 ° C for 21 days. The last stage was the feasibility trial that had two experiments. The first consisted of a DCA with a factorial arrangement combining the substrate for humidification (factor A), the state of the pericarp (factor B) and the humidification temperature (factor C). The second trial also consisted of a DCA with a factorial arrangement combining two factors: protective cover (C) and immersion time in the tetrazolium (T). In the statistical analysis, the main factor (C) and interaction (C * T) were highly significant, while the main factor (T) was significant with a CV of 12.7 percent. Among the conclusions are that the artichoke seed is a Cipsela that encloses a seed probably complete with epigeal germination. It was also found that the simplest way to remove the pericarp prior to staining was to soak it for 72 hours at 20 ° C. Finally, the highest percentages of viability were obtained between 2 to 6 hours of immersion in the tetrazolium.
The cultivation of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) in Peru and the region is generating great economic importance, therefore, agricultural and agroindustrial companies require a technical support that allows them to choose the best seed for their production. The main objective was to propose a standardized methodology of the feasibility test by means of the morphological description of the seed, the determination of the pretreatment and the duration of the seed immersion in the tetrazolium. The methodology was in stages. The first consisted in the morphological description of the seed, soaking it in water and making longitudinal and transverse cuts. The second stage consisted of the germination test, taking 400 seeds in rolled paper at an alternating temperature 20 -30 ° C for 21 days. The last stage was the feasibility trial that had two experiments. The first consisted of a DCA with a factorial arrangement combining the substrate for humidification (factor A), the state of the pericarp (factor B) and the humidification temperature (factor C). The second trial also consisted of a DCA with a factorial arrangement combining two factors: protective cover (C) and immersion time in the tetrazolium (T). In the statistical analysis, the main factor (C) and interaction (C * T) were highly significant, while the main factor (T) was significant with a CV of 12.7 percent. Among the conclusions are that the artichoke seed is a Cipsela that encloses a seed probably complete with epigeal germination. It was also found that the simplest way to remove the pericarp prior to staining was to soak it for 72 hours at 20 ° C. Finally, the highest percentages of viability were obtained between 2 to 6 hours of immersion in the tetrazolium.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de Fitotecnia
Keywords
Alcachofa; Semilla; Evaluación; Germinación; Tratamiento de semillas; Viabilidad
Citation
Date
2024
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