Fertilización nitrogenada en la nodulación y el rendimiento de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) var. Canario Centenario en invernadero
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Authors
Vilchez Olivares, Jefferson Ezequiel
Abstract
El frijol, un cultivo fundamental para la seguridad alimentaria, ostenta una notable diversidad genética que se traduce en una amplia gama de variedades con características distintivas. En un escenario de creciente demanda, resulta imperativo explorar estrategias sostenibles para incrementar su producción. En este marco, se presenta una investigación que explora la tolerancia de la simbiosis del frijol con la bacteria Rhizobium sp., a la combinación de fuentes y dosis de fertilizantes nitrogenados, evaluando su impacto en la formación de nódulos radiculares, el rendimiento y otros parámetros relevantes. La investigación se llevó a cabo bajo un diseño experimental en arreglo factorial 4 x 3 con doce tratamientos y un control, cada uno con 6 repeticiones por tratamiento. Se evaluó la influencia de cuatro tipos de fertilizantes nitrogenados (úrea, fosfato diamónico, nitrato de amonio y sulfato de amonio) en tres dosis de nitrógeno (20, 40 y 80 ppm). Como indicadores de su efectividad en la floración se evaluó las variables morfofisiológicas y nodulares, posteriormente en la cosecha se evaluó las variables de rendimiento. Los resultados revelaron que la dosis más alta de nitrógeno (80 ppm) ocasionó una disminución significativa en la proliferación de nódulos y una inhibición casi total de la fijación biológica de nitrógeno. En contraste, se observó una tendencia al aumento del tamaño y peso seco foliar del frijol a medida que se incrementaba la dosis de nitrógeno. Entre los tratamientos, el que empleó nitrato de amonio a una dosis de 40 ppm de nitrógeno destacó por presentar el mayor rendimiento, con diferencias estadísticas significativas respecto a los demás tratamientos. Esta investigación aporta valiosos conocimientos para optimizar el manejo del cultivo del frijol, promoviendo prácticas agrícolas sostenibles que permitan aumentar la producción sin comprometer la salud del suelo ni del medio ambiente.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a staple crop for food security, exhibits remarkable genetic diversity, resulting in a wide range of varieties with distinctive characteristics. In a scenario of increasing demand, exploring sustainable strategies to enhance its production is imperative. Within this framework, this research investigates the tolerance of the common bean symbiosis with the bacterium Rhizobium sp. to the combination of nitrogen fertilizer sources and doses, evaluating its impact on root nodule formation, yield, and other relevant parameters. The research was conducted under an experimental design in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement with twelve treatments and one control, each with six replications per treatment. The influence of four types of nitrogen fertilizers (urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) in three nitrogen doses (20, 40, and 80 ppm). As indicators of its effectiveness in flowering, the morphophysiological and nodular variables were evaluated, later in the harvest the performance variables were evaluated. The results revealed that the highest nitrogen dose (80 ppm) caused a significant decrease in nodule proliferation and an almost complete inhibition of biological nitrogen fixation. In contrast, an increasing trend in bean leaf size and dry weight was observed as the nitrogen dose increased. Among the treatments, the one using ammonium nitrate at a dose of 40 ppm of nitrogen stood out for having the highest yield, with statistically significant differences compared to the other treatments. This research provides valuable knowledge to optimize common bean crop management, promoting sustainable agricultural practices that allow increasing production without compromising the health of the soil or the environment.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), a staple crop for food security, exhibits remarkable genetic diversity, resulting in a wide range of varieties with distinctive characteristics. In a scenario of increasing demand, exploring sustainable strategies to enhance its production is imperative. Within this framework, this research investigates the tolerance of the common bean symbiosis with the bacterium Rhizobium sp. to the combination of nitrogen fertilizer sources and doses, evaluating its impact on root nodule formation, yield, and other relevant parameters. The research was conducted under an experimental design in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement with twelve treatments and one control, each with six replications per treatment. The influence of four types of nitrogen fertilizers (urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate) in three nitrogen doses (20, 40, and 80 ppm). As indicators of its effectiveness in flowering, the morphophysiological and nodular variables were evaluated, later in the harvest the performance variables were evaluated. The results revealed that the highest nitrogen dose (80 ppm) caused a significant decrease in nodule proliferation and an almost complete inhibition of biological nitrogen fixation. In contrast, an increasing trend in bean leaf size and dry weight was observed as the nitrogen dose increased. Among the treatments, the one using ammonium nitrate at a dose of 40 ppm of nitrogen stood out for having the highest yield, with statistically significant differences compared to the other treatments. This research provides valuable knowledge to optimize common bean crop management, promoting sustainable agricultural practices that allow increasing production without compromising the health of the soil or the environment.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de Fitotecnia
Keywords
Nitrógeno
Citation
Date
2024
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