Métodos de doma natural como base para el manejo moderno, adiestramiento y bienestar animal del caballo peruano de paso
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Authors
Pasini Landi, Bruno Leopoldo
Abstract
El presente trabajo profesional se enfoca en la necesidad del desarrollo de un sistema de capacitación para personal especializado en un método de manejo moderno, doma y bienestar animal de equinos aplicados al Caballo Peruano de Paso utilizando el método de Doma Natural preservando las particularidades de la tradición ecuestre peruana para las futuras generaciones. Si bien con el método tradicional de doma la intención es obtener un caballo obediente y calmado, se encontraron animales que presentaban resistencias y comportamientos defensivos producto del estado de indefensión aprendida generada por la aplicación de sistemas de sometimiento forzoso, al contrario de los fundamentos de la doma natural que nos ayudan a lograr la estabilidad emocional y el control físico y mental del caballo con la implantación de respuestas condicionadas concordantes con nuestros objetivos de adiestramiento. El método de doma natural tiene como fundamentos la etología equina, la teoría del aprendizaje animal a través del condicionamiento operante y el bienestar animal tanto físico como emocional para lograr una relación de respeto y armonía entre el humano y el caballo. La Doma Natural se ha popularizado en el mundo ecuestre en las últimas décadas debido a la eficacia de sus resultados prácticos y la claridad de transmisión de sus principios y técnicas a sus seguidores. El método de doma natural facilita el aprendizaje por parte del caballo al aplicar técnicas con bases científicas de modificación de comportamiento animal. El nivel de seguridad tanto para el humano como el caballo durante el proceso de doma y manejo es superior que los sistemas tradicionales al crearse conciencia de las reacciones instintivas del caballo y la forma de atenuarlas, minimizándose o anulando los eventos con consecuencias negativas a la integridad física del domador y el caballo, sin el uso excesivo de fuerza y amedrentamiento. El Caballo Peruano de Paso raza única por su peculiar biomecánica de movimiento en su andar que lo convierte en el caballo de silla más suave del mundo, originalmente un caballo viajero y de trabajo en el agro, ha pasado a satisfacer la moderna necesidad de un equino de placer y competencia mediante la equitación de paseo, cabalgatas y presentaciones en concursos especializados de la raza; razón por la cual la profesionalización en su manejo, doma y adiestramiento ha tomado importancia para cubrir la demanda insatisfecha de personal idóneo para la industria.
The present professional work approaches the necessity of developing a training system for specialized staff in the modern methods of management, training and animal welfare of equines applied to the Peruvian Paso Horse using the Natural Horsemanship method and preserving the uniqueness of the peruvian equestrian tradition for future generations. Although with the traditional method of training the intention is to obtain an obedient and calm horse, we found animals that showed resistances and defensive behaviors products of the state of learned helpness, generated by systems involving force breaking, in contrast to the fundamentals of natural horsemanship that help to obtain emotional stability and physical and mental control of the horse as we ingrain the conditioned responses in line with our training objectives. The Natural Horsemanship method has its basis in equine ethology, the animal learning theory through operant conditioning and animal welfare, both physical and emotional to achieve a respectful and harmonious relationship between human and horse. In the last decades the Natural Horsemanship method has gained popularity in the equestrian world due to the efficacy of its practical results and the clarity of transmission of principles and techniques to its followers. This method eases the learning by the horse due to the use of scientific techniques based in animal behavior modification. The safety level for the human and horse during the process of training and management is better than the traditional systems as it creates consciousness of the instinctive reactions of the horse and the ways to attenuate them with the minimizing or nullification of events with negative consequences to the physical integrity of the trainer or the horse without use of force or intimidation. The Peruvian Paso Horse a unique breed due to its singular movement biomechanics that makes it the smoothest riding horse in the world, originally a travelers and agricultural farm working horse has pass to satisfy the modern need of an equine for pleasure and competition through leisure equitation, trail riding and show breed competitions; reason why the professionalization in its management and training has become important in the need to cover the unsatisfied demand of suitable staff for the industry.
The present professional work approaches the necessity of developing a training system for specialized staff in the modern methods of management, training and animal welfare of equines applied to the Peruvian Paso Horse using the Natural Horsemanship method and preserving the uniqueness of the peruvian equestrian tradition for future generations. Although with the traditional method of training the intention is to obtain an obedient and calm horse, we found animals that showed resistances and defensive behaviors products of the state of learned helpness, generated by systems involving force breaking, in contrast to the fundamentals of natural horsemanship that help to obtain emotional stability and physical and mental control of the horse as we ingrain the conditioned responses in line with our training objectives. The Natural Horsemanship method has its basis in equine ethology, the animal learning theory through operant conditioning and animal welfare, both physical and emotional to achieve a respectful and harmonious relationship between human and horse. In the last decades the Natural Horsemanship method has gained popularity in the equestrian world due to the efficacy of its practical results and the clarity of transmission of principles and techniques to its followers. This method eases the learning by the horse due to the use of scientific techniques based in animal behavior modification. The safety level for the human and horse during the process of training and management is better than the traditional systems as it creates consciousness of the instinctive reactions of the horse and the ways to attenuate them with the minimizing or nullification of events with negative consequences to the physical integrity of the trainer or the horse without use of force or intimidation. The Peruvian Paso Horse a unique breed due to its singular movement biomechanics that makes it the smoothest riding horse in the world, originally a travelers and agricultural farm working horse has pass to satisfy the modern need of an equine for pleasure and competition through leisure equitation, trail riding and show breed competitions; reason why the professionalization in its management and training has become important in the need to cover the unsatisfied demand of suitable staff for the industry.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Zootecnia. Departamento Académico de Producción Animal
Keywords
Doma natural
Citation
Date
2024
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