Caracterización de la sucesión vegetal en ecotonos de sabanas del Heath a bosque amazónico, Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene, Perú
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Authors
Flores Sandoval, Briggeth Estephany
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Abstract
La sabana de Heath es un ecosistema único en Perú de sabanas hidrofíticas, con amplias extensiones de pastizales mezclados con arbustos y árboles en mayor y menor proporción según sea el grado de sucesión vegetal. Se caracterizó cuatro tipos de ecotonos y la sucesión vegetal de los ecotonos desde bosque hacia la sabana, en transectos de 100 x 2 m dividido en cinco bloques de 20 x 2 m cada uno. Las principales familias en cuanto a predominancia de especies y número de individuos son Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae y Cyperaceae. Se registraron renuevos en todos los ecotonos y principalmente en las secciones donde la sucesión vegetal aún mantiene un estrato arbóreo y/o arbustivo, sin embargo, el número de renuevos es mínimo o nulo en la sección ubicada en la sabana. La distribución de especies herbáceas, arbustivas, arbóreas y renuevos en las sabanas podría estar condicionada por la acumulación de agua, ya que, los bosques amazónicos presentan una ligera elevación en comparación con las áreas de sabana del Heath. Esta diferencia topográfica favorece la acumulación de agua en las sabanas, creando condiciones anaeróbicas que limitan el establecimiento de especies intolerantes a estas condiciones. Además, las quemas recurrentes en la región contribuyen al mantenimiento de la extensión de las sabanas. Sin embargo, las proyecciones futuras de precipitación en los bosques amazónicos, que pronostican una reducción en las lluvias, podrían disminuir la acumulación de agua, facilitando así la colonización de renuevos del bosque en las sabanas del Heath.
The Heath savanna is a unique ecosystem in Peru, characterized by hydrophytic savannas with extensive grasslands interspersed with shrubs and trees, whose proportions vary depending on the stage of vegetation succession. Four types of ecotones were characterized, and the vegetation succession of the ecotones was studied from the forest to the savanna, using transects of 100 x 2 m, divided into five blocks of 20 x 2 m each. The dominant plant families in terms of species prevalence and number of individuals were Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae. Seedlings were recorded in all ecotones, predominantly in sections where the vegetation succession still maintains a tree and/or shrub layer; however, the number of seedlings was minimal or absent in the section located in the savanna. The distribution of herbaceous, shrub, tree species, and seedlings in the savannas may be influenced by water accumulation, as the Amazon forests exhibit a slight elevation compared to the Heath savanna areas. This topographical difference favors water accumulation in the savannas, creating anaerobic conditions that hinder the establishment of species intolerant to such conditions. Additionally, recurring fires in the region contribute to the maintenance of the savanna's extent. However, future precipitation projections for the Amazon forests, which predict a reduction in rainfall, may decrease water accumulation, thus facilitating the colonization of forest seedlings into the Heath savannas.
The Heath savanna is a unique ecosystem in Peru, characterized by hydrophytic savannas with extensive grasslands interspersed with shrubs and trees, whose proportions vary depending on the stage of vegetation succession. Four types of ecotones were characterized, and the vegetation succession of the ecotones was studied from the forest to the savanna, using transects of 100 x 2 m, divided into five blocks of 20 x 2 m each. The dominant plant families in terms of species prevalence and number of individuals were Melastomataceae, Rubiaceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae. Seedlings were recorded in all ecotones, predominantly in sections where the vegetation succession still maintains a tree and/or shrub layer; however, the number of seedlings was minimal or absent in the section located in the savanna. The distribution of herbaceous, shrub, tree species, and seedlings in the savannas may be influenced by water accumulation, as the Amazon forests exhibit a slight elevation compared to the Heath savanna areas. This topographical difference favors water accumulation in the savannas, creating anaerobic conditions that hinder the establishment of species intolerant to such conditions. Additionally, recurring fires in the region contribute to the maintenance of the savanna's extent. However, future precipitation projections for the Amazon forests, which predict a reduction in rainfall, may decrease water accumulation, thus facilitating the colonization of forest seedlings into the Heath savannas.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ecología Aplicada
Keywords
Sucesión vegetal
Citation
Date
2025
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