Producción orgánica de hortalizas en condiciones de casa malla y suelos afectados por sales en el valle de Pachacamac
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Authors
Alberca Alberca, Milagros Anais
Abstract
Actualmente hay un creciente interés por el bienestar y su relación con la alimentación y la insostenibilidad de la actividad agrícola convencional. Ello para el Perú se ve reflejado principalmente en el incremento en las exportaciones orgánicas así también para el mercado interno, congregado en las bioferias al interior del país La producción orgánica a diferencia de su par convencional trata de maximizar las relaciones sinérgicas al interior de la unidad productiva enfocándose en la fertilidad biológica del suelo y la salud de las plantas. Además, conlleva 4 principios (IFOAM, 2005): el principio de salud refiere que la salud del suelo, de las plantas, de los animales y de las personas es uno solo e indivisible. El principio de equidad sostiene que la actividad agrícola se debe basar en establecer relaciones justas en todos los niveles y a todas partes. El principio de la precaución, la actividad debe ser gestionada de tal manera que su práctica no comprometa el bienestar de las generaciones presentes, futuras y el ambiente. Y finalmente en el principio de la ecología, en el que el sistema de producción debe centrarse en las relaciones que se dan en la naturaleza. El presente trabajo aborda desde la experiencia profesional del manejo de un huerto diversificado de producción orgánica en condiciones de casa malla, desde el inicio del proyecto establecido en el Valle Pachacamac; el principal desafío enfrentado que constituye trabajar de manera orgánica en un suelo salino, con ingreso de sales por el riego con agua dura. Se implementaron como medidas de manejo un aumento de lámina y frecuencia de riego, se utilizó una enmienda química a manera de prevención, se manejaron distintas coberturas, se elevaron las camas, se cosecharon de manera temprana las variedades más susceptibles y se agregó a las canastas variedades silvestres adaptadas.
Currently, there is a growing interest in well-being and its relationship with food and the unsustainability of conventional agricultural activity. In Peru, this is mainly reflected in the increase in organic exports, as well as in the domestic market, gathered in bio-fairs throughout the country. Unlike conventional production, organic production seeks to maximize synergistic relationships within the production unit, focusing on the biological fertility of the soil and plant health. Additionally, it adheres to four principles (IFOAM, 2005): The first, the principle of health, states that the health of the soil, plants, animals, and people is one and indivisible. The principle of fairness asserts that agricultural activity must be based on establishing fair relationships at all levels and in all areas. The precautionary principle emphasizes that agricultural practices should not compromise the well-being of present and future generations, nor the environment. Finally, the principle of ecology indicates that the production system must focus on the relationships found in nature. This paper is based on professional experience in managing a diversified organic production garden under net-house conditions, starting from the project's establishment in the Pachacamac Valley. The main challenge faced was working organically in saline soils, with the entry of salts due to irrigation with hard water. Management measures implemented included increasing irrigation frequency and amount, using a chemical amendment as a preventive measure, applying various ground covers, raising beds, harvesting the most susceptible varieties early, adding wild adapted varieties to the baskets, and increasing the planting of commercial varieties.
Currently, there is a growing interest in well-being and its relationship with food and the unsustainability of conventional agricultural activity. In Peru, this is mainly reflected in the increase in organic exports, as well as in the domestic market, gathered in bio-fairs throughout the country. Unlike conventional production, organic production seeks to maximize synergistic relationships within the production unit, focusing on the biological fertility of the soil and plant health. Additionally, it adheres to four principles (IFOAM, 2005): The first, the principle of health, states that the health of the soil, plants, animals, and people is one and indivisible. The principle of fairness asserts that agricultural activity must be based on establishing fair relationships at all levels and in all areas. The precautionary principle emphasizes that agricultural practices should not compromise the well-being of present and future generations, nor the environment. Finally, the principle of ecology indicates that the production system must focus on the relationships found in nature. This paper is based on professional experience in managing a diversified organic production garden under net-house conditions, starting from the project's establishment in the Pachacamac Valley. The main challenge faced was working organically in saline soils, with the entry of salts due to irrigation with hard water. Management measures implemented included increasing irrigation frequency and amount, using a chemical amendment as a preventive measure, applying various ground covers, raising beds, harvesting the most susceptible varieties early, adding wild adapted varieties to the baskets, and increasing the planting of commercial varieties.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Horticultura
Keywords
Producción orgánica
Citation
Date
2024
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