Influencia de la pectina cítrica de diferentes grados de esterificación en la mitigación de acrilamida en galletas dulces
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Authors
Sánchez Portocarrero, José Carlos
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Abstract
La acrilamida (AA) es un compuesto considerado potencialmente cancerígeno formado por la reacción de Maillard y se encuentra en productos de consumo cotidiano como papas fritas, productos de panadería y café tostado, que afecta principalmente a niños e infantes. Actualmente, uno de los métodos de inhibición de acrilamida con mayor estudio consiste en la adición de pectina en sistemas de reacción de Maillard con el fin de debilitar la unión de precursores por reducción de pH o competitividad por el grupo amino. En esta investigación se obtuvieron pectinas de diferentes grados de esterificación a través de técnicas de desesterificación alcalina y esterificación ácida con el fin de evaluar su efecto mitigante en la formación de AA en la reacción de Maillard. Los resultados indicaron que se obtuvo una mayor mitigación de AA en sistemas modelo de asparagina-glucosa con pectinas de menor grado de esterificación (GE, entre un 7.86 y 21.73 por ciento). En la elaboración de galletas, la adición de pectina de GE 7.86 por ciento a una concentración de 1 por ciento en galletas dulces mitigó en un 79.9 y 58.1 por ciento el contenido de AA e 5-hidroximetil furfural (HMF), respectivamente. La pectina de menor GE (7.86 por ciento) aplicada en las galletas también otorgó efectos positivos en la textura y color, reduciendo significativamente la dureza y aumentando el valor de luminosidad (L*), con la consecuente, reducción del pardeamiento en las galletas.
Acrylamide (AA) is a potentially carcinogenic compound formed by the Maillard reaction and is found in everyday consumer products such as potato chips, bakery products, and roasted coffee, which primarily affects children and infants. Nowadays, one of the most studied methods of acrylamide inhibition consists of the addition of pectin in Maillard reaction systems with the objective to weaken the precursor binding by pH reduction or competition for the amino group. In this research, pectins of different esterification degrees were obtained through alkaline demethylation and acid esterification techniques in order to evaluate their mitigating effect on AA formation in the Maillard reaction. The results indicated that greater AA mitigation was obtained in asparagine-glucose model systems with pectins of lower esterification degrees (DE, between 7.86 and 21.73 percent). In biscuit preparation, the addition of DE 7.86 percent pectin at 1 percent concentration in sweet biscuits mitigated the AA and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) contents by 79.9 and 58.1 percent, respectively. The lower DE pectin (7.86 percent) applied in biscuits also granted positive effects on texture and color, significantly reducing hardness and increasing lightness value (L*), resulting in reduced browning in biscuits.
Acrylamide (AA) is a potentially carcinogenic compound formed by the Maillard reaction and is found in everyday consumer products such as potato chips, bakery products, and roasted coffee, which primarily affects children and infants. Nowadays, one of the most studied methods of acrylamide inhibition consists of the addition of pectin in Maillard reaction systems with the objective to weaken the precursor binding by pH reduction or competition for the amino group. In this research, pectins of different esterification degrees were obtained through alkaline demethylation and acid esterification techniques in order to evaluate their mitigating effect on AA formation in the Maillard reaction. The results indicated that greater AA mitigation was obtained in asparagine-glucose model systems with pectins of lower esterification degrees (DE, between 7.86 and 21.73 percent). In biscuit preparation, the addition of DE 7.86 percent pectin at 1 percent concentration in sweet biscuits mitigated the AA and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) contents by 79.9 and 58.1 percent, respectively. The lower DE pectin (7.86 percent) applied in biscuits also granted positive effects on texture and color, significantly reducing hardness and increasing lightness value (L*), resulting in reduced browning in biscuits.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias.
Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Neocontaminantes
Citation
Date
2025
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