Reemplazo de la harina de pescado por hidrolizado de residuos de pescado en alimentación de alevines de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
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Authors
Carbajal Bernal, Monica Lucia
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Abstract
Con el objetivo de evaluar el hidrolizado de pescado en reemplazo de la harina de pescado, se evaluó su coeficiente de digestibilidad y dos niveles de reemplazo (50 y 100 por ciento) en una dieta basal. La investigación se realizó en el Centro Modelo de Tratamiento de Residuos (CEMTRAR) en el Laboratorio de Biología Aplicada, Ecobiotecnología y Tratamiento de Residuos Agroforestales (LBA) en la Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina (UNALM). En la primera parte experimental se determinó el coeficiente de digestibilidad del ingrediente (hidrolizado de pescado) en alevines de tilapias con un peso promedio de 2.43 ± 0.63 g por un periodo de 30 días, utilizando óxido de cromo como marcador en la dieta. Se obtuvo un valor de 41.18 por ciento en digestibilidad del hidrolizado. En la segunda parte experimental se evalúo el comportamiento productivo de los alevinos alimentados con las tres dietas experimentales (D0: 0 por ciento de inclusión, D1: 50 por ciento y D2: 100 por ciento) cada tratamiento con tres repeticiones. Se utilizaron acuarios de 50 litros y 22 peces en cada acuario con un peso promedio de 3.13 ± 1.56 g por un periodo de 30 días. Los peces recibieron 8 raciones/día, 7 días a la semana con una tasa de alimentación (TA) que varió del 15 al 5 por ciento del peso corporal según consumo. Al terminar el experimento se observó que la dieta con harina de pescado (D0) obtuvo los mejores parámetros productivo seguido por la dieta D1 y por último la dieta D2, quien fue la que tuvo los más bajos valores. En toda la investigación los parámetros de calidad de agua del sistema de circulación se mantuvieron dentro de los rangos establecidos, con una temperatura promedio de 27.8°C, oxígeno disuelto 5.8 mg L -1 , pH 7.8, nitrito 0.1 mg L -1 , nitrato 2.2 mg L -1 y amonio 0.048 mg L -1 . Se concluye que a el alimento con harina de pescado obtuvo mejores valores en los parámetros productivos y relación beneficio – costo que las dietas con hidrolizado de residuos de pescado, sin embargo, es posible reemplazar con el 50 por ciento de hidrolizado sin afectar el Factor de Conversión Alimentaria (FCA) en alevinos de tilapia gris (Oreochromis niloticus), a pesar de haber obtenido un bajo Coeficiente de Digestibilidad Aparentes (CDA) en la materia seca, en la proteína y del ingrediente.
To evaluate fish hydrolysate as a replacement for fishmeal, its digestibility coefficient and two levels of replacement (50 per cent and 100 per cent) in a basal diet were assessed. The research was conducted at the Model Center for Waste Treatment (CEMTRAR) in the Laboratory of Applied Biology, Ecobiotechnology, and Agroforestry Waste Treatment (LBA) at the National Agrarian University La Molina (UNALM). In the first experimental phase, the digestibility coefficient of the ingredient (fish hydrolysate) was determined in tilapia fry with an average weight of 2.43 ± 0.63 g over a 30-day period, using chromium oxide as a marker in the diet. A digestibility value of 41.18 per cent was obtained for the hydrolysate. In the second experimental phase, the productive performance of fry fed with the three experimental diets (D0: 0 per cent inclusion, D1: 50 per cent, and D2: 100 per cent) was evaluated, with each treatment replicated three times. Fifty-liter aquariums were used, with 22 fish in each aquarium, and an average weight of 3.13 ± 1.56 g over a 30-day period. Fish were fed 8 meals per day, 7 days a week, with a feeding rate (FR) that varied from 15 to 5 per cent of body weight depending on consumption. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that the diet with fishmeal (D0) achieved the best productive parameters, followed by the D1 diet, and finally the D2 diet, which had the lowest values. Throughout the research, the water quality parameters of the recirculation system were maintained within established ranges, with an average temperature of 27.8°C, dissolved oxygen at 5.8 mg L-1 , pH 7.8, nitrite at 0.1 mg L-1 , nitrate at 2.2 mg L -1 , and ammonium at 0.048 mg L-1 . It is concluded that the diet with fishmeal showed better values in productive parameters and cost-benefit ratio than the diets with fish waste hydrolysate. However, it is possible to replace 50 per cent of the fishmeal with hydrolysate without affecting the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in gray tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus), despite the low Apparent Digestibility Coefficient (ADC) for dry matter, protein, and the ingredient itself.
To evaluate fish hydrolysate as a replacement for fishmeal, its digestibility coefficient and two levels of replacement (50 per cent and 100 per cent) in a basal diet were assessed. The research was conducted at the Model Center for Waste Treatment (CEMTRAR) in the Laboratory of Applied Biology, Ecobiotechnology, and Agroforestry Waste Treatment (LBA) at the National Agrarian University La Molina (UNALM). In the first experimental phase, the digestibility coefficient of the ingredient (fish hydrolysate) was determined in tilapia fry with an average weight of 2.43 ± 0.63 g over a 30-day period, using chromium oxide as a marker in the diet. A digestibility value of 41.18 per cent was obtained for the hydrolysate. In the second experimental phase, the productive performance of fry fed with the three experimental diets (D0: 0 per cent inclusion, D1: 50 per cent, and D2: 100 per cent) was evaluated, with each treatment replicated three times. Fifty-liter aquariums were used, with 22 fish in each aquarium, and an average weight of 3.13 ± 1.56 g over a 30-day period. Fish were fed 8 meals per day, 7 days a week, with a feeding rate (FR) that varied from 15 to 5 per cent of body weight depending on consumption. At the end of the experiment, it was observed that the diet with fishmeal (D0) achieved the best productive parameters, followed by the D1 diet, and finally the D2 diet, which had the lowest values. Throughout the research, the water quality parameters of the recirculation system were maintained within established ranges, with an average temperature of 27.8°C, dissolved oxygen at 5.8 mg L-1 , pH 7.8, nitrite at 0.1 mg L-1 , nitrate at 2.2 mg L -1 , and ammonium at 0.048 mg L-1 . It is concluded that the diet with fishmeal showed better values in productive parameters and cost-benefit ratio than the diets with fish waste hydrolysate. However, it is possible to replace 50 per cent of the fishmeal with hydrolysate without affecting the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) in gray tilapia fry (Oreochromis niloticus), despite the low Apparent Digestibility Coefficient (ADC) for dry matter, protein, and the ingredient itself.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Pesquería. Departamento
Académico de Acuicultura e Industrias Pesqueras
Keywords
Oreochromis niloticus
Citation
Date
2024
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