Estrategias de manejo cultural, mecánico y químico de malezas en el cultivo de alfalfa
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Authors
Pezúa Vásquez, Luis Enrique Timoteo
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Abstract
Se condujo un ensayo en campo para determinar la interacción entre el control directo de malezas y dosis de bioformulación polifuncional líquida (BPL) como método de control cultural y determinar el mejor control de malezas en el cultivo de alfalfa variedad CUF 101. El estudio se realizó en un área perteneciente al fundo de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, sembrándose el 8 de mayo y cosechándose el 24 de agosto del 2023. El manejo agronómico difirió a lo convencional en los insumos para la fertilización y control directo de malezas. Se emplearon cuatro niveles dentro del factor control directo de malezas (testigo sin control, desmalezamiento manual, imazethapyr 106 g i.a. ha-1 y 53 g i.a. ha-1) con tres niveles en el factor dosis de BPL (0, 20 y 30 L ha-1). Se evaluó la cobertura de la alfalfa, cobertura total y por especie de malezas, altura de planta, fitotoxicidad, Valor de importancia relativa, rendimiento en peso fresco y seco, peso de hojas y tallos, proteína total de la alfalfa, junto al análisis económico. No se encontró interacción entre el control directo de malezas y la dosis de BPL para ninguna característica; a excepción de la primera fecha de evaluación de cobertura por especie para N. physalodes. BPL no tuvo efecto en la cobertura de la alfalfa ni el nivel de proteína total pero sí en la altura de la planta y rendimientos. El imazethapyr a la dosis de 106 g i.a. ha-1 obtuvo mejor control de las malezas al analizar la cobertura total de malezas y rendimientos, además, no presentó daños significativos por fitotoxicidad. Finalmente, solo fueron rentables el control directo de malezas, mas no, la aplicación de BPL.
A field experiment was conducted to determine the interaction between the direct weed control and the dose of liquid polyfunctional bioformulation (LPB) as a cultural control method and to determine the best weed control in the alfalfa crop variety CUF 101. The study was carried out in an area belonging to the Fundo of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, sowing on May 8 and harvesting on August 24, 2023. The agronomic management differed from the conventional one in the inputs for fertilization and direct weed control. Four levels were used within the direct weed control factor (no control, manual weeding, imazethapyr 106 g a.i. ha-1 and 53 g a.i. ha-1) with three levels in the dose factor of LPB (0, 20 and 30 L ha-1). Alfalfa cover, total cover and weed species coverage, plant height, phytotoxicity, Value of Relative Importance, fresh and dry weight yield, weight of leaves and stems, and total alfalfa protein were evaluated, along with an economic analysis. No interaction was found between direct weed control and the dose of the LPB for any trait, except for the first date of cover evaluation by species for N. physalodes. The LPB had no effect on alfalfa cover or total protein levels, but it did affect plant height and yields. imazethapyr at a dose of 106 g a.i. ha-1 obtained the best weed control when analyzing total weed cover and yields, and did not present significant damage due to phytotoxicity. Finally, only direct weed control was profitable but not the application of LPB.
A field experiment was conducted to determine the interaction between the direct weed control and the dose of liquid polyfunctional bioformulation (LPB) as a cultural control method and to determine the best weed control in the alfalfa crop variety CUF 101. The study was carried out in an area belonging to the Fundo of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, sowing on May 8 and harvesting on August 24, 2023. The agronomic management differed from the conventional one in the inputs for fertilization and direct weed control. Four levels were used within the direct weed control factor (no control, manual weeding, imazethapyr 106 g a.i. ha-1 and 53 g a.i. ha-1) with three levels in the dose factor of LPB (0, 20 and 30 L ha-1). Alfalfa cover, total cover and weed species coverage, plant height, phytotoxicity, Value of Relative Importance, fresh and dry weight yield, weight of leaves and stems, and total alfalfa protein were evaluated, along with an economic analysis. No interaction was found between direct weed control and the dose of the LPB for any trait, except for the first date of cover evaluation by species for N. physalodes. The LPB had no effect on alfalfa cover or total protein levels, but it did affect plant height and yields. imazethapyr at a dose of 106 g a.i. ha-1 obtained the best weed control when analyzing total weed cover and yields, and did not present significant damage due to phytotoxicity. Finally, only direct weed control was profitable but not the application of LPB.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento
Académico de Fitotecnia
Keywords
Interacción
Citation
Date
2025
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