Relación de los factores de calidad y el índice de precio de exportación de cacao peruano (Theobroma cacao L.)
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Authors
Hirowaki Ruiz, Akari
Abstract
El trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la relación entre los factores de calidad: tamaño de grano, índice de fermentación, índice de rendimiento, concentración de cadmio, puntaje sensorial y la variable respuesta: índice de precio de exportación de cacao peruano. Los datos se obtuvieron de 104 exportaciones de dos empresas importantes en el sector cacaotero. Se procesó la data usando el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. Para esto, el estudio se dividió en cuatro fases: evaluación del comportamiento de los factores de calidad, determinación del nivel de correlación de las variables, determinación de los factores de calidad con mayor efecto y la presentación del modelo final. En la primera fase, se aplicó de la estadística descriptiva, el promedio, la desviación estándar y los gráficos de control, así como correlación de estos factores con la variable respuesta (Coeficiente de Pearson). En la segunda fase, se aplicó y validó el modelo de regresión para evaluar el efecto general e individual del índice de fermentación y el puntaje sensorial mediante el análisis de varianza (p<0,05). En la tercera fase, se ajustó el modelo considerando solo las variables significativas (p<0,05) y el mayor valor del coeficiente de determinación múltiple (R2). El factor concentración de cadmio tuvo una asociación individual negativa moderada con el índice de precio de exportación, mientras que los otros cuatro factores tuvieron una asociación individual positiva de moderado a fuerte. El índice de fermentación y el puntaje sensorial resultaron estadísticamente significativos y tuvieron mayor nivel de correlación. El índice de precio de exportación tiende a incrementarse con un mayor índice de fermentación y mayor puntaje sensorial, siendo este último el que mayor efecto tuvo sobre él.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the quality factors: bean size, fermentation index, yield index, cadmium concentration, sensory score and the response variable: peruvian cocoa export price index. The data were obtained from 104 exports from two important companies in the cocoa sector. The data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis. For this, the study was divided into four phases: evaluation of the behavior of the quality factors, determination of the level of correlation of the variables, determination of the quality factors with the greatest effect and presentation of the final model. In the first phase, descriptive statistics, average, standard deviation and control charts were applied, as well as correlation of these factors with the response variable (Pearson's coefficient). In the second phase, the regression model was applied and validated to evaluate the general and individual effect of the fermentation index and sensory score by analysis of variance (p< 0.05). In the third phase, the model was adjusted considering only the significant variables (p< 0.05) and the highest value of the coefficient of multiple determination (R2). The cadmium concentration factor had a moderate negative individual association with the export price index, while the other four factors had a moderate to strong positive individual association. The fermentation index and sensory score were statistically significant and had a higher level of correlation. The export price index tended to increase with higher fermentation index and sensory score, the latter having the greatest effect on it.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the quality factors: bean size, fermentation index, yield index, cadmium concentration, sensory score and the response variable: peruvian cocoa export price index. The data were obtained from 104 exports from two important companies in the cocoa sector. The data were processed using multiple linear regression analysis. For this, the study was divided into four phases: evaluation of the behavior of the quality factors, determination of the level of correlation of the variables, determination of the quality factors with the greatest effect and presentation of the final model. In the first phase, descriptive statistics, average, standard deviation and control charts were applied, as well as correlation of these factors with the response variable (Pearson's coefficient). In the second phase, the regression model was applied and validated to evaluate the general and individual effect of the fermentation index and sensory score by analysis of variance (p< 0.05). In the third phase, the model was adjusted considering only the significant variables (p< 0.05) and the highest value of the coefficient of multiple determination (R2). The cadmium concentration factor had a moderate negative individual association with the export price index, while the other four factors had a moderate to strong positive individual association. The fermentation index and sensory score were statistically significant and had a higher level of correlation. The export price index tended to increase with higher fermentation index and sensory score, the latter having the greatest effect on it.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias. Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Alimentos y Productos Agropecuarios
Keywords
Cacao peruano
Citation
Date
2024
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