Obesidad y anemia en mujeres beneficiarias de comedores populares del distrito de Santa Anita, Lima, Perú
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Authors
Picón Castillo, Leonor Margarita
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Abstract
La coexistencia de obesidad y anemia en mujeres en edad fértil representa un problema emergente de salud pública, especialmente en contextos de vulnerabilidad alimentaria. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de obesidad y establecer su asociación con la anemia en mujeres beneficiarias de comedores populares del distrito de Santa Anita, Lima, Perú, así como evaluar su ingesta dietética de micro y macronutrientes. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en 235 mujeres de 12 comedores populares. Se evaluaron el índice de masa corporal (IMC), los niveles de hemoglobina y la ingesta de nutrientes; se estimaron prevalencias mediante frecuencias, se calcularon medias y se aplicó la correlación de Spearman para analizar la asociación entre IMC y hemoglobina (95 % de confianza). La edad promedio fue de 35,7 años y el IMC medio de 25,9 kg/m². La prevalencia de obesidad fue 14 %, y la anemia en mujeres con obesidad alcanzó el 24,2 %. Se encontró una correlación directa baja entre IMC y hemoglobina (ρ=0,39). Las mujeres con obesidad y anemia presentaron menor consumo de proteínas de origen animal y de hierro hemínico en comparación con las no anémicas (p=0,03). En ambos grupos se evidenció una ingesta deficiente de vitaminas B1, B2, calcio, hierro y zinc, significativamente inferior a las recomendaciones nutricionales. En conclusión, se identificó una coexistencia relevante de obesidad y anemia, asociada a deficiencias en la ingesta de micronutrientes, lo que evidencia una doble carga de malnutrición en esta población.
The coexistence of obesity and anemia in women of reproductive age represents an emerging public health problem, particularly in contexts of food insecurity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and to establish its association with anemia among women benefiting from community kitchens in the district of Santa Anita, Lima, Peru, as well as to assess dietary intake of micro- and macronutrients. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted in 235 women from twelve community kitchens. Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin levels, and nutrient intake were evaluated. Prevalences were estimated using frequency tables, nutrient intake through means, and the association between BMI and hemoglobin using Spearman’s correlation, with a 95 % confidence level. The mean age was 35.7 years and the mean BMI was 25.9 kg/m². The prevalence of obesity was 14 %, and anemia among obese women reached 24.2 %. A low positive correlation was observed between BMI and hemoglobin (ρ=0.39). Women with obesity and anemia showed lower intake of animal protein and heme iron compared to non anemic women (p=0.03). In both groups, deficient intake of vitamins B1 and B2, calcium, iron, and zinc was identified. In conclusion, a double burden of malnutrition characterized by obesity, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies was evident in this population.
The coexistence of obesity and anemia in women of reproductive age represents an emerging public health problem, particularly in contexts of food insecurity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity and to establish its association with anemia among women benefiting from community kitchens in the district of Santa Anita, Lima, Peru, as well as to assess dietary intake of micro- and macronutrients. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted in 235 women from twelve community kitchens. Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin levels, and nutrient intake were evaluated. Prevalences were estimated using frequency tables, nutrient intake through means, and the association between BMI and hemoglobin using Spearman’s correlation, with a 95 % confidence level. The mean age was 35.7 years and the mean BMI was 25.9 kg/m². The prevalence of obesity was 14 %, and anemia among obese women reached 24.2 %. A low positive correlation was observed between BMI and hemoglobin (ρ=0.39). Women with obesity and anemia showed lower intake of animal protein and heme iron compared to non anemic women (p=0.03). In both groups, deficient intake of vitamins B1 and B2, calcium, iron, and zinc was identified. In conclusion, a double burden of malnutrition characterized by obesity, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies was evident in this population.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Nutrición
Keywords
Obesidad; Anemia; Nutrición; Alimentación; Pobreza; Metabolismo
Citation
Date
2026
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

