Producto fermentado con propiedades bioactivas, a partir de torta de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) y harina de yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius)
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Authors
Carrasco Reategui, María Pía
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Abstract
La harina de yacón (HY) caracterizada por su alto contenido de fructoligosacáridos (FOS) y la torta desgrasada de sacha inchi (TDSI), subproducto vegetal de la extracción de aceite, fueron evaluadas como sustratos de fermentación para el desarrollo de un producto sinbiótico. Se emplearon tres cepas probióticas: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus y Lacticaseibacillus casei. Se optimizó la fermentación (37°C durante 18 h) a través de un diseño de superficie respuesta con arreglo factorial 3² y tres puntos centrales, obteniéndose 12 tratamientos experimentales. Las variables independientes fueron: TDSI (5-10 %) y HY (5-10 %) y los resultados fueron evaluados por la metodología de superficie de respuesta. L. rhamnosus presentó el mejor desempeño global, los modelos cuadráticos se ajustaron satisfactoriamente para pH, acidez titulable, proteína soluble, capacidad antioxidante (CA-ABTS) y ácido láctico, con R2 ajustado de 84.27, 92.26, 71.18, 77.22 y 72.95 por ciento, respectivamente. Las condiciones óptimas fueron 9.54 y 9.86 por ciento para TDSI y HY, respectivamente; se utilizó 1.5 por ciento de pectina de alto metoxilo. El producto fue almacenado a 4 °C por 28 días. La bebida optimizada destacó por su estabilidad al final del almacenamiento, con recuento microbiano de 10.17 Log UFC/mL, pH 3.66, acidez titulable 0.66 g ácido láctico/100 g, contenido de FOS de 1.80 g/100 g, fibra soluble 0.78 g/100 g, fibra insoluble 2.60 g/100 g, fibra total 3.37 g/100g, ácido láctico 9.57 mg/g, ácido acético 0.35 mg/g, CA-ORAC 3.14 µmol TE/g, CA-ABTS 0.48 µmol TE/g, proteína total 4.11 g/100 g, proteína soluble 1.85 mg BSA/g, actividad antihipertensiva (IC50) 0.93 mg BSA/g, así como viscosidad 1001.56 mPa.s, 7.40 °Brix, sólidos totales 14.40 por ciento y color L* 40.28, a* 2.77 y b*16.75. Estos resultados evidencian el potencial de la TDSI y la HY como matrices para alimentos fermentados funcionales e innovadores.
Yacon flour (HY), characterized by its high content of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and defatted sacha inchi cake (TDSI), a plant by-product from oil extraction, were evaluated as fermentation substrates for the development of a symbiotic product. Three probiotic strains were used: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lacticaseibacillus casei. Fermentation (37 °C for 18 h) was optimized using a response surface design with a 3² factorial arrangement and three central points, resulting in 12 experimental treatments. The independent variables were TDSI (5–10%) and HY (5–10%), and the results were analyzed by the response surface methodology. L. rhamnosus showed the best overall performance. The quadratic models satisfactorily fitted pH, titratable acidity, soluble protein, antioxidant capacity (CA-ABTS), and lactic acid, with adjusted R² values of 84.27, 92.26, 71.18, 77.22, and 72.95%, respectively. The optimal conditions were 9.54% TDSI and 9.86% HY; 1.5% high-methoxyl pectin was added. The product was stored at 4 °C for 28 days. The optimized symbiotic beverage exhibited remarkable stability at the end of storage, showing a microbial count of 10.17 Log CFU/mL, pH 3.66, titratable acidity 0.66 g lactic acid/100 g, FOS content 1.80 g/100 g, soluble fiber 0.78 g/100 g, insoluble fiber 2.60 g/100 g, total fiber 3.37 g/100 g, lactic acid 9.57 mg/g, acetic acid 0.35 mg/g, CA-ORAC 3.14 µmol TE/g, CA-ABTS 0.48 µmol TE/g, total protein 4.11 g/100 g, soluble protein 1.85 mg BSA/g, antihypertensive activity (IC50) 0.93 mg BSA/g, viscosity 1001.56 mPa·s, 7.40 °Brix, total solids 14.40%, and color parameters L* 40.28, a* 2.77, and b* 16.75. These results demonstrate the potential of TDSI and HY as plant-based matrices for the development of innovative functional fermented foods.
Yacon flour (HY), characterized by its high content of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and defatted sacha inchi cake (TDSI), a plant by-product from oil extraction, were evaluated as fermentation substrates for the development of a symbiotic product. Three probiotic strains were used: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lacticaseibacillus casei. Fermentation (37 °C for 18 h) was optimized using a response surface design with a 3² factorial arrangement and three central points, resulting in 12 experimental treatments. The independent variables were TDSI (5–10%) and HY (5–10%), and the results were analyzed by the response surface methodology. L. rhamnosus showed the best overall performance. The quadratic models satisfactorily fitted pH, titratable acidity, soluble protein, antioxidant capacity (CA-ABTS), and lactic acid, with adjusted R² values of 84.27, 92.26, 71.18, 77.22, and 72.95%, respectively. The optimal conditions were 9.54% TDSI and 9.86% HY; 1.5% high-methoxyl pectin was added. The product was stored at 4 °C for 28 days. The optimized symbiotic beverage exhibited remarkable stability at the end of storage, showing a microbial count of 10.17 Log CFU/mL, pH 3.66, titratable acidity 0.66 g lactic acid/100 g, FOS content 1.80 g/100 g, soluble fiber 0.78 g/100 g, insoluble fiber 2.60 g/100 g, total fiber 3.37 g/100 g, lactic acid 9.57 mg/g, acetic acid 0.35 mg/g, CA-ORAC 3.14 µmol TE/g, CA-ABTS 0.48 µmol TE/g, total protein 4.11 g/100 g, soluble protein 1.85 mg BSA/g, antihypertensive activity (IC50) 0.93 mg BSA/g, viscosity 1001.56 mPa·s, 7.40 °Brix, total solids 14.40%, and color parameters L* 40.28, a* 2.77, and b* 16.75. These results demonstrate the potential of TDSI and HY as plant-based matrices for the development of innovative functional fermented foods.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Tecnología de Alimentos
Keywords
Fermentación
Citation
Date
2026
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