Evaluación de la infiltración de las aguas de lluvia con diferentes formulaciones de suelos con cobertura vegetal para el cierre de minas
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Authors
Fernández Canchos, Angel Benjamín
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Abstract
La aplicación de suelos mejorados es una tecnología ambientalmente prometedora para estabilizar depósitos mineros y reducir el volumen de agua en contacto a largo plazo. Este estudio evaluó la infiltración de aguas de lluvia en diversas formulaciones de suelos con cobertura vegetal para el cierre de minas, identificando las opciones más efectivas. Se monitorearon infiltración, flujo superficial, cobertura vegetal, balance hídrico y costos. Los insumos utilizados incluyeron suelo orgánico, gallinaza, residuos orgánicos, biomasa de pino, ceniza, caliza y lodos estabilizados de aguas residuales industriales (lodos AWTP). Tras un mes de maduración, los suelos se aplicaron en parcelas de 58 m² en el depósito B3 de Minera La Zanja, donde se sembraron ryegrass, trébol, festuca, vicia, lupinus y ceticio. Se evaluaron parámetros como conductividad eléctrica, oxígeno disuelto, pH, sulfatos, metales totales, infiltración, flujo superficial, precipitación, evapotranspiración, altura y densidad vegetal, además de costos de cobertura (USD/m³). De las nueve formulaciones y un control, la formulación III (suelo orgánico, gallinaza, lodos AWTP y residuos orgánicos) mostró la menor infiltración, mejor retención de humedad en el suelo y fue la más económica, ligeramente por encima del blanco, con un costo de USD 36.95 por m³.
The application of improved soils is an environmentally promising technology for stabilizing mine waste deposits and reducing the volume of long-term water contact. This study evaluated rainfall infiltration in various formulations of vegetated soils for mine closure, identifying the most effective options. Infiltration, surface runoff, vegetative cover, water balance, and costs were monitored. Inputs included organic soil, poultry manure, organic waste, pine biomass, ash, limestone, and stabilized industrial wastewater treatment plant sludge (AWTP sludge). After one month of maturation, the soils were applied to 58 m² plots at the B3 deposit of Minera La Zanja, where ryegrass, clover, fescue, vetch, lupine, and Tagetes were sown. Parameters evaluated included electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, sulfates, total metals, infiltration, surface runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, plant height and density, and cover costs (USD/m³). Of the nine formulations and one control, Formulation III (organic soil, poultry manure, AWTP sludge, and organic waste) showed the lowest infiltration rate, best soil moisture retention, and was the most cost-effective—slightly above the control—with a cost of USD 36.95 per m³. Keywords: Improved soils, technosols, AWTP sludge, ryegrass, clover, fescue, vetch, lupine, Tagetes, infiltration, surface runoff, sulfates, metals, mine closure.
The application of improved soils is an environmentally promising technology for stabilizing mine waste deposits and reducing the volume of long-term water contact. This study evaluated rainfall infiltration in various formulations of vegetated soils for mine closure, identifying the most effective options. Infiltration, surface runoff, vegetative cover, water balance, and costs were monitored. Inputs included organic soil, poultry manure, organic waste, pine biomass, ash, limestone, and stabilized industrial wastewater treatment plant sludge (AWTP sludge). After one month of maturation, the soils were applied to 58 m² plots at the B3 deposit of Minera La Zanja, where ryegrass, clover, fescue, vetch, lupine, and Tagetes were sown. Parameters evaluated included electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, sulfates, total metals, infiltration, surface runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, plant height and density, and cover costs (USD/m³). Of the nine formulations and one control, Formulation III (organic soil, poultry manure, AWTP sludge, and organic waste) showed the lowest infiltration rate, best soil moisture retention, and was the most cost-effective—slightly above the control—with a cost of USD 36.95 per m³. Keywords: Improved soils, technosols, AWTP sludge, ryegrass, clover, fescue, vetch, lupine, Tagetes, infiltration, surface runoff, sulfates, metals, mine closure.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento
Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Física y Meteorología
Keywords
Suelos mejorados
Citation
Date
2025
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