Manejo de lixiviados de la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos del relleno sanitario de Anta, Cusco, Perú
Authors
Suero Sánchez, Diego Enrique
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el funcionamiento de un piloto de humedales construidos para el tratamiento de los lixiviados del proceso de compostaje de la fracción orgánica de los residuos del relleno sanitario de Chacán, Anta , Cusco. Estos lixiviados son generados en 14 composteras del relleno sanitario de Anta y se caracterizaron por tener una alta carga orgánica con un promedio de 3359.62 mg/l de Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO5), teniendo un incremento significativo de caudal en la época de lluvia. Para utilizar los humedales construidos en el tratamiento de estos lixiviados, se estableció que sería necesaria una dilución 1:5 de los lixiviados y para así evitar la muerte de las macrófitas de los humedales. Se diseñó, construyó y evaluó un piloto de humedales construidos compuesto por un Sistema Francés y un humedal horizontal, el cual tuvo una eficiencia global de remoción promedio de 86.46% de Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO5), 88.90% de Demanda Química de Oxígeno (DQO), 94.10% de Solidos Totales en Suspensión (STS) y 98.25% de coliformes fecales. En base a los resultados del piloto, se elaboró una propuesta a escala real para el tratamiento de la totalidad de los lixiviados del compostaje del relleno sanitario cuya área fue 1495.5 m2 lo que representa el 3.5% del área total del relleno sanitario de Anta.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the operation of a pilot of constructed wetlands for the treatment of leachates from the composting process of the organic fraction of the waste from the Chacán landfill, Anta, Cusco. These leachates are generated in 14 composters located in the Anta landfill and it was identified that these leachates had a high organic load with an average of 3359.62 mg/l of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), having a significant increase in flow in the rainy season. In order to use the constructed wetlands in the treatment of these leachates, it was established that a 1: 5 dilution of the leachates would be necessary to avoid the death of macrophytes in the wetlands. A constructed wetland pilot composed of a French system and a horizontal wetland was designed, built and evaluated, which had a global average removal efficiency of 86.46% of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), 88.90% of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 94.10% of Total suspended solids (TSS) and 98.25% of fecal coliforms. Based on the results of the pilot, a full-scale proposal was developed for the treatment of all the leachate from the composting in the Anta landfill, which had an area of 1495.5 m2, which represents 3.5% of the total area of the Anta landfill.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the operation of a pilot of constructed wetlands for the treatment of leachates from the composting process of the organic fraction of the waste from the Chacán landfill, Anta, Cusco. These leachates are generated in 14 composters located in the Anta landfill and it was identified that these leachates had a high organic load with an average of 3359.62 mg/l of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), having a significant increase in flow in the rainy season. In order to use the constructed wetlands in the treatment of these leachates, it was established that a 1: 5 dilution of the leachates would be necessary to avoid the death of macrophytes in the wetlands. A constructed wetland pilot composed of a French system and a horizontal wetland was designed, built and evaluated, which had a global average removal efficiency of 86.46% of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), 88.90% of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 94.10% of Total suspended solids (TSS) and 98.25% of fecal coliforms. Based on the results of the pilot, a full-scale proposal was developed for the treatment of all the leachate from the composting in the Anta landfill, which had an area of 1495.5 m2, which represents 3.5% of the total area of the Anta landfill.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Ciencias Ambientales
Keywords
Desechos urbanos; Desechos orgánicos; Residuos; Manejo de desechos; Reciclaje; Aprovechamiento de desechos; Control de la contaminación; Viabilidad económica; Análisis de costos y beneficios; Zonas urbanas
Citation
Date
2022
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