La cadena de valor del bambú como guía de reforestación en la región nor oriente del Perú
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Authors
Césare Coral, Mary Flor
Abstract
La investigación realizada tuvo como objetivo evaluar la cadena de valor de la especie forestal bambú Guadua angustifolia como alternativa a la deforestación, en la Florida (Cajamarca) localizada en la región nor oriente del Perú, para ello se realizó el diagnóstico socio económico del distrito de La Florida, ubicada en el departamento de Cajamarca, mediante encuestas por conveniencia. Con esta información, se determinó la cadena de valor del bambú (Guadua angustifolia Kunth), y se realizó la elaboración de biocarbón (biochar) a partir de los residuos de la producción de tablillas de bambú, industria generadora de grandes cantidades de material de descarte del orden de un 86.7 por ciento del tipo lignocelulósico en sus diferentes etapas como son: despunte, corte, pulido y latillado, cuya mala disposición en las zonas productoras genera contaminación visual y costos en la disposición final de residuos a un relleno sanitario. Ante esto, la pirólisis surge como el mejor tratamiento y valorización de estos residuos que se generan en las zonas de transformación del bambú, para la producción de biochar, valorizando estos residuos como una enmienda del suelo, dando cumplimiento al D.L 1501. Los resultados del diagnóstico socioeconómico indican que la población presenta bajos ingresos y alta migración de la población juvenil, por la falta de oportunidades laborales, observándose una población envejecida en la zona de bajos recursos. Encontrándose en la caracterización del bambú Guadua angustifolia altos contenidos de compuestos lignocelulósico y con este material la producción de biochar dio un rendimiento de 28 por ciento asimismo los resultados de caracterización indican que ha medida que se incrementa las temperaturas de 340, 400 y 530 °C el pH se incrementa, así como su capacidad de intercambio catiónico. Se concluye con los resultados obtenidos que el bambú presenta contenidos importantes de biomoléculas (celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina) y que a temperatura alta (530°C) las propiedades básicas del biochar se incrementan. Con respecto a la toxicidad los resultados del test de crecimiento de la lechuga indican que la mejor concentración presentada es el de 3.725 por ciento de biochar.
The objective of the research carried out was to evaluate the value chain of the Guadua angustifolia bamboo forest species as an alternative to deforestation, in Florida (Cajamarca) located in the northeastern region of Peru, for which the socio-economic diagnosis of the district of La Florida, located in the department of Cajamarca, through convenience surveys. With this information, the value chain of bamboo (Guadua angustifolia Kunth) was determined, and the production of biochar (biochar) was carried out from the residues of the production of bamboo slats, an industry that generates large amounts of discarded material of the order of 86.7 percent of the lignocellulosic type in its different stages such as: blunting, cutting, polishing and brazing, whose poor disposal in the producing areas generates visual contamination and costs in the final disposal of waste to a sanitary landfill. Given this, pyrolysis emerges as the best treatment and valorization of these residues that are generated in the bamboo transformation zones, for the production of biochar, valorizing these residues as a soil amendment, complying with D.L 1501. The results of the Socioeconomic diagnosis indicates that the population has low income and high migration of the youth population, due to the lack of job opportunities, observing an aging population in the low-income area. Finding in the characterization of the bamboo Guadua angustifolia high contents of lignocellulosic compounds and with this material the production of biochar gave a yield of 28 percent, likewise the characterization results indicate that as the temperatures of 340, 400 and 530 °C have increased the pH increases, as well as its cation exchange capacity. It is concluded with the results obtained that bamboo has important contents of biomolecules (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and that at high temperature (530°C) the basic properties of biochar increase. Regarding toxicity, the results of the lettuce growth test indicate that the best concentration presented is 3.725 percent biochar.
The objective of the research carried out was to evaluate the value chain of the Guadua angustifolia bamboo forest species as an alternative to deforestation, in Florida (Cajamarca) located in the northeastern region of Peru, for which the socio-economic diagnosis of the district of La Florida, located in the department of Cajamarca, through convenience surveys. With this information, the value chain of bamboo (Guadua angustifolia Kunth) was determined, and the production of biochar (biochar) was carried out from the residues of the production of bamboo slats, an industry that generates large amounts of discarded material of the order of 86.7 percent of the lignocellulosic type in its different stages such as: blunting, cutting, polishing and brazing, whose poor disposal in the producing areas generates visual contamination and costs in the final disposal of waste to a sanitary landfill. Given this, pyrolysis emerges as the best treatment and valorization of these residues that are generated in the bamboo transformation zones, for the production of biochar, valorizing these residues as a soil amendment, complying with D.L 1501. The results of the Socioeconomic diagnosis indicates that the population has low income and high migration of the youth population, due to the lack of job opportunities, observing an aging population in the low-income area. Finding in the characterization of the bamboo Guadua angustifolia high contents of lignocellulosic compounds and with this material the production of biochar gave a yield of 28 percent, likewise the characterization results indicate that as the temperatures of 340, 400 and 530 °C have increased the pH increases, as well as its cation exchange capacity. It is concluded with the results obtained that bamboo has important contents of biomolecules (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) and that at high temperature (530°C) the basic properties of biochar increase. Regarding toxicity, the results of the lettuce growth test indicate that the best concentration presented is 3.725 percent biochar.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Ingeniería y Ciencias Ambientales
Keywords
Bambú; Reforestación; Plantación forestal; Productos forestales; Estudios de mrcado; Evaluación
Citation
Date
2023
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