Diversidad genética de papa nativa cultivada (Solanum sp) de cuatro comunidades de Huancavelica - Perú
Authors
Montalvo Otivo, Jorge Manuel
Abstract
El presente estudio se realizó en la Región Huancavelica con el objetivo de estudiar la diversidad genética de 425 entradas de papa (Solanum sp.) colectadas y sembradas en los predios de las comunidades de “Pumarfanra, Huachua, Castillapata y Pachaclla”. La caracterización morfológica fue realizada según los descriptores propuesto por Gómez (2000). La caracterización molecular se realizó a partir de ADN genómico extraido de las hojas; en la PCR se usó 12 SSR del kit para la identificación genética de la papa (Ghislain et al., 2009). Los fragmentos microsatélites amplificados, se detectaron con el equipo LI-COR - SagaGT. La ploidía se definió por citometría de flujo. Por un lado, con los descriptores morfológicos, no hubo ningún duplicado a un coeficiente de distancia de 0, todos correspondieron a distintos morfotipos; sin embargo, a un coeficiente de distancia de 0.5 se observaron 370 grupos, lo que demostró alta variabilidad morfológica. Por otro lado, la caracterización molecular permitó registrar 110 alelos en los 12 cromosomas (23 fueron alelos raros, 25 escasos, 18 moderados y 44 frecuentes), con los cuales fueron identificados 198 genotipos a un coeficiente de similitud de 1, que representó 50.1% de duplicados. El AMOVA muestró que la fuente principal de variación (99.4%) estuvo en la colección de cada agricultor. El diferencial genético se presentó en los alelos raros, escasos y en menor medida en los moderados. Finalmente, se registró que el 48.9% de accesiones eran tetraploides, 25.7% triploides, 22.3% diploides y el 3.3% pentaploides. En conclusión, estas cuatro comunidades campesinas conservan alta diversidad genética de las papas; información que debe ser usada en programas de mejoramiento genético como estratégia de seguridad alimentaria en el Perú.
The present study was carried out the Huancavelica Region with the objective of studying the genetic diversity of 425 potato entries (Solanum sp.) Collected and planted in the lands of the "Pumarfanra, Huachua, Castillapata and Pachaclla" communities. The morphological characterization was carried out according to the descriptors proposed by Gómez (2000). The molecular characterization was made from genomic DNA extracted from the leaves. In the PCR, 12 SSRs were used from the kit for the genetic identification of potatoes (Ghislain et al., 2009). The amplified microsatellite fragments were detected with the LI-COR-SagaGT equipment. The ploidy was defined by flow cytometry. On the one hand, with the morphological descriptors, there were no duplicate at a distance coefficient of 0, all them corresponded to different morphotypes. However, at a distance coefficient of 0.5, 370 groups were observed, which showed high morphological variability. On the other hand, molecular characterization allowed to register 110 alleles in the 12 chromosomes (23 were rare alleles, 25 rare, 18 moderate and 44 frequent), with which 198 genotypes were identified at a similarity coefficient of 1, which represented 50.1% of duplicates. The AMOVA showed that the main source of variation (99.4%) was in the collection of each grower or peasant. The genetic differential was present in the rare alleles, scarce and to a lesser extent in the moderate ones. Finally, it was recorded that 48.9% of accessions were tetraploid, 25.7% triploid, 22.3% diploid and 3.3% pentaploid. In conclusion, these four peasant communities conserve high genetic diversity of potatoes; information that should be used in genetic improvement programs as a food security strategy in Peru.
The present study was carried out the Huancavelica Region with the objective of studying the genetic diversity of 425 potato entries (Solanum sp.) Collected and planted in the lands of the "Pumarfanra, Huachua, Castillapata and Pachaclla" communities. The morphological characterization was carried out according to the descriptors proposed by Gómez (2000). The molecular characterization was made from genomic DNA extracted from the leaves. In the PCR, 12 SSRs were used from the kit for the genetic identification of potatoes (Ghislain et al., 2009). The amplified microsatellite fragments were detected with the LI-COR-SagaGT equipment. The ploidy was defined by flow cytometry. On the one hand, with the morphological descriptors, there were no duplicate at a distance coefficient of 0, all them corresponded to different morphotypes. However, at a distance coefficient of 0.5, 370 groups were observed, which showed high morphological variability. On the other hand, molecular characterization allowed to register 110 alleles in the 12 chromosomes (23 were rare alleles, 25 rare, 18 moderate and 44 frequent), with which 198 genotypes were identified at a similarity coefficient of 1, which represented 50.1% of duplicates. The AMOVA showed that the main source of variation (99.4%) was in the collection of each grower or peasant. The genetic differential was present in the rare alleles, scarce and to a lesser extent in the moderate ones. Finally, it was recorded that 48.9% of accessions were tetraploid, 25.7% triploid, 22.3% diploid and 3.3% pentaploid. In conclusion, these four peasant communities conserve high genetic diversity of potatoes; information that should be used in genetic improvement programs as a food security strategy in Peru.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Mejoramiento Genético de Plantas
Keywords
Solanum; Variedades indígenas; Variación genética; Marcadores genéticos; Micro satélites; Fitomejoramiento; Evaluación; Perú; Papas nativas; Diversidad genética; Conservación sustentable; Huancavelica (dpto)
Citation
Date
2019
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