Etiología y control de la pudrición del cuello en el cultivo de Gypsophila paniculata en el Valle de Caraz, Ancash
Authors
Aguilar Anccota, René
Abstract
Gypsophila es una planta ornamental de mucha demanda en el valle del callejón de Huaylas-Ancash de importancia económica, sin embargo, se viene presentando la enfermedad de pudrición del cuello, cuyos síntomas son pérdida de vigor, colapso y muerte. Los objetivos fueron: identificar al agente causal de la enfermedad, probar la efectividad de control de fungicidas y antagonistas in vitro y en campo. Para el aislamiento las muestras se lavaron, se cortaron porciones pequeñas de la zona infectada, se sumergieron en hipoclorito de sodio al 1% por un minuto, se enjuagaron por dos veces y se orearon sobre papel toalla, luego fueron sembradas en medio PDA e incubadas a 25ºC. Para la patogenicidad se utilizaron plántulas de Gypsophila, se trasplantaron a macetas con sustrato estéril 1:2 (suelo de campo y humus), para la inoculación se cortaron fragmentos de medio PDA+desarrollo micelial de los aislados, ubicándose en el cuello de las plántulas. De las plántulas que mostraron síntomas de decaimiento y marchitez, se realizó el reaislamiento. Para el ensayo de fungicidas in vitro se empleó el “medio envenenado”, y para la prueba de biocontroladores el “método dual”. El ensayo de patogenicidad nos permitió determinar que el agente causal es el hongo Rhizoctonia solani. Rovral, Benopoint, Vitavax, Parachupadera y Homai a dosis baja y alta in vitro inhibieron al 100 % el crecimiento micelial de R. solani. Trichoderma harzianum y T. viride a nivel de in vitro alcanzaron mayor velocidad de crecimiento frente a R. solani, observándose invasión total de la colonia y esporulación, alcanzando grado 4 de antagonismo. En campo menor incidencia (%) se obtuvo con el tratamiento T. harzianum registrándose 12.5% inferior al testigo que alcanzó 51.28 %, y mayor peso fresco y mayor número de tallos florales/planta se cosecharon con el tratamiento T. harzianum.
Gypsophila is an ornamental plant of great demand in the valley of the Callejón de Huaylas-Ancash, with economic importance; however, it has been presenting the disease of rotting of the neck, whose symptoms are loss of vigor, collapse and death. The objectives were: to identify the causal agent of the disease, to test the effectiveness of fungicide and antagonist control in vitro and in the field. For isolation, the samples were washed, small portions of the infected area were cut, immersed in 1% sodium hypochlorite for one minute, rinsed twice and rinsed on paper towels, then seeded in PDA medium and incubated at 25 °C. For the pathogenicity, Gypsophila seedlings were used, they were transplanted to pots with sterile substrate 1: 2 (field soil and humus), for the inoculation fragments of PDA medium + mycelial development of the isolates were cut, located in the neck of the seedlings. Of the seedlings that showed symptoms of decay and wilting, reisolation was performed. For the in vitro fungicide test the "poisoned medium" was used, and for the biocontroller test the "dual method". The pathogenicity test allowed us to determine that the causative agent is the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Rovral, Benopoint, Vitavax, Parachupadera and Homai at low and high doses in vitro inhibited 100% mycelial growth of R. solani. Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride in vitro level, attained a higher growth rate against R. solani, observing total invasion of the colony and sporulation, reaching degree 4 of antagonism. In field minor incidence (%) was obtained with the treatment T. harzianum, registering 12.5% lower than the control that reached 51.28%, and greater fresh weight and greater number of floral stems/plant were harvested with the T. harzianum treatment.
Gypsophila is an ornamental plant of great demand in the valley of the Callejón de Huaylas-Ancash, with economic importance; however, it has been presenting the disease of rotting of the neck, whose symptoms are loss of vigor, collapse and death. The objectives were: to identify the causal agent of the disease, to test the effectiveness of fungicide and antagonist control in vitro and in the field. For isolation, the samples were washed, small portions of the infected area were cut, immersed in 1% sodium hypochlorite for one minute, rinsed twice and rinsed on paper towels, then seeded in PDA medium and incubated at 25 °C. For the pathogenicity, Gypsophila seedlings were used, they were transplanted to pots with sterile substrate 1: 2 (field soil and humus), for the inoculation fragments of PDA medium + mycelial development of the isolates were cut, located in the neck of the seedlings. Of the seedlings that showed symptoms of decay and wilting, reisolation was performed. For the in vitro fungicide test the "poisoned medium" was used, and for the biocontroller test the "dual method". The pathogenicity test allowed us to determine that the causative agent is the fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Rovral, Benopoint, Vitavax, Parachupadera and Homai at low and high doses in vitro inhibited 100% mycelial growth of R. solani. Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride in vitro level, attained a higher growth rate against R. solani, observing total invasion of the colony and sporulation, reaching degree 4 of antagonism. In field minor incidence (%) was obtained with the treatment T. harzianum, registering 12.5% lower than the control that reached 51.28%, and greater fresh weight and greater number of floral stems/plant were harvested with the T. harzianum treatment.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Fitopatología
Keywords
Gypsophila paniculata; Enfermedades fungosas; Podredumbre del cuello de la raíz; Etiología; Identificación; Pudrición; Control de enfermedades; Control químico; Trichoderma viride; Fungicidas; Dosis de aplicacion; Métodos de control
Citation
Date
2020
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess