Evapotranspiración estimada por balance de energía usando información remota y riego con alternancia de humedecimiento y secado en arrozales, Chiclayo
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Authors
Peña Amaro, Roxana Sara
Abstract
En vista de la escasez actual de agua, es de vital importancia llevar a cabo investigaciones sobre nuevas técnicas de riego que puedan ayudar a optimizar el manejo de este recurso en los cultivos. Por lo tanto, se propone evaluar la evapotranspiración como indicador de las pérdidas de agua en el cultivo de arroz, con el objetivo de lograr un riego eficiente sin afectar su rendimiento. En cuanto a la metodología utilizada, se realizaron diferentes regímenes de riego, incluyendo el riego de alternancia de humedecimiento y secado (AWD (AWD5, AWD10 y AWD20)) y el riego por inundación continua (CF). Durante las diferentes etapas fenológicas, se midieron índices de vegetación en el campo y se capturaron imágenes térmicas y multiespectrales con un vehículo aéreo no tripulado (UAV), realizando un total de 13 monitoreos. Como resultado, se obtuvieron valores promedio de 5,24 ± 0,28 y 5,45 ± 0,31 mm d-1 para la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETC) en los sistemas de riego por AWD y CF, respectivamente. Requiriendo como valor de riego promedio de 14363,3 m3 ha-1 para AWD y como valor de riego de 19970 m3 ha-1 para CF. Esto representa un ahorro de agua entre 27,54 a 28,49% y una reducción del rendimiento entre 2,07 a 15,41%. Lo que se traduce en un incremento en la eficiencia del uso de agua entre 18,30 a 36,38% para la tecnología de riego AWD. Dado que estos resultados brindan información importante para mejorar la gestión del riego, se aconseja usar el modelo propuesto para minimizar el efecto negativo en la productividad de la cosecha.
In view of the current water shortage, it is vitally important to carry out research on new irrigation techniques that can help optimize the management of this resource in crops. Therefore, it is proposed to evaluate evapotranspiration as an indicator of water losses in rice cultivation, with the objective of achieving efficient irrigation without affecting its performance. Regarding the methodology used, different irrigation regimes were carried out, including alternating wetting and drying (AWD (AWD5, AWD10 y AWD20)) irrigation and continuous flooding irrigation (CF). During the different phenological stages, vegetation indices were measured in the field and thermal and multispectral images were captured with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), performing a total of 13 monitoring sessions. As a result, average values of 5,24 ± 0,28 and 5,45 ± 0,31 mm d-1 were obtained for crop evapotranspiration (ETC) in the AWD and CF irrigation systems, respectively. Requiring an average irrigation value of 14363.3 m3 ha-1 for AWD and an irrigation value of 19970 m3 ha-1 for CF. This represents a savings in irrigation water between 27.54 to 28.49% and a reduction in yield between 2.07 to 15.41%. Which translates into an increase in water use efficiency between 18,30 to 36,38% for AWD irrigation technology. Since these results provide important information to improve irrigation management, it is advisable to use the proposed model to minimize the negative effect on crop productivity.
In view of the current water shortage, it is vitally important to carry out research on new irrigation techniques that can help optimize the management of this resource in crops. Therefore, it is proposed to evaluate evapotranspiration as an indicator of water losses in rice cultivation, with the objective of achieving efficient irrigation without affecting its performance. Regarding the methodology used, different irrigation regimes were carried out, including alternating wetting and drying (AWD (AWD5, AWD10 y AWD20)) irrigation and continuous flooding irrigation (CF). During the different phenological stages, vegetation indices were measured in the field and thermal and multispectral images were captured with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), performing a total of 13 monitoring sessions. As a result, average values of 5,24 ± 0,28 and 5,45 ± 0,31 mm d-1 were obtained for crop evapotranspiration (ETC) in the AWD and CF irrigation systems, respectively. Requiring an average irrigation value of 14363.3 m3 ha-1 for AWD and an irrigation value of 19970 m3 ha-1 for CF. This represents a savings in irrigation water between 27.54 to 28.49% and a reduction in yield between 2.07 to 15.41%. Which translates into an increase in water use efficiency between 18,30 to 36,38% for AWD irrigation technology. Since these results provide important information to improve irrigation management, it is advisable to use the proposed model to minimize the negative effect on crop productivity.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Ingeniería Agrícola. Departamento Académico de Recursos Hídricos
Keywords
UAV
Citation
Date
2024
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