Identificación morfológica de garrapatas colectadas en bovinos de la región norte del Perú
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Authors
Zambrano Morales, Nerida Sophia
Abstract
La actividad ganadera se ha incrementado significativamente y junto con ella los problemas parasitarios, incluyendo algunos con impacto en la salud pública. La infestación con garrapatas constituye una importante parasitosis que afecta al ganado vacuno en el país, generando un importante impacto negativo. En el Perú no existen registros actuales sobre la distribución de las especies de garrapatas en bovinos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar morfológicamente las garrapatas que infestan al ganado bovino de la región norte del país, incluyendo las regiones de: Tumbes, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Cajamarca, Amazonas, San Martín y Loreto; en sus diferentes pisos altitudinales. Se recolectaron especímenes en animales ubicados en predios de ganadería bovina, cada muestra fue almacenada en alcohol al 70% y llevada para su posterior identificación al Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Facultad de Zootecnia de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Para la identificación de las especies se usaron claves taxonómicas con características propias de cada especie de garrapata. La especie de garrapata más prevalente en bovinos de la región norte del país fue R. microplus (90.1%), seguido por O. megnini (5.9%), R. sanguineus (1.1%), D. nites (0.6%), Ixodes sp. (0.4%), A. triste (0.2%), A. tigrinum (0.2%) y A. sculptum (0.1%). Estas dos últimas se encontraron restringidas a la región natural Chala (0-500 msnm), y A. triste a Quechua (2300-3500 msnm). Asimismo, no se observó la presencia de O. megnini, D. nites e Ixodes spp en altitudes mayores a 89 msnm. Las especies que mostraron una mayor adaptación a diferentes pisos altitudinales fueron R. microplus y R. sanguinius. Los resultados demostraron que la distribución de las especies de garrapatas mantiene una relación con las condiciones geográficas, aunque algunas especies han desarrollado una alta capacidad de adaptación.
Livestock activity has increased significantly and along with it parasitic problems, including some with an impact on public health. Tick infestation is an important parasitosis that affects cattle in the country, generating a significant negative impact. In Peru there are no current records on the distribution of tick species in cattle. The objective of this study was to morphologically identify the ticks that infest cattle in the northern region of the country, including the regions of: Tumbes, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Cajamarca, Amazonas, San Martín and Loreto; in its different altitudinal floors. Specimens were collected from animals located in cattle ranches, each sample was stored in 70% alcohol and taken for later identification to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Faculty of Zootechnics of the La Molina National Agrarian University. For the identification of the species, taxonomic keys with characteristics of each species of tick were used. The most prevalent tick species in cattle in the northern region of the country was R. microplus (90.1%), followed by O. megnini (5.9%), R. sanguineus (1.1%), D. nites (0.6%), Ixodes sp. (0.4%), A. triste (0.2%), A. tigrinum (0.2%) and A. sculptum (0.1%). These last two were found restricted to the Chala natural region (0-500 masl), and A. triste to Quechua (2300-3500 masl). Likewise, the presence of O. megnini, D. nites and Ixodes spp was not observed at altitudes higher than 89 masl. The species that showed a greater adaptation to different altitudinal floors were R. microplus and R. sanguinius. The results showed that the distribution of the tick species maintains a relationship with the geographical conditions, although some species have developed a high adaptation capacity.
Livestock activity has increased significantly and along with it parasitic problems, including some with an impact on public health. Tick infestation is an important parasitosis that affects cattle in the country, generating a significant negative impact. In Peru there are no current records on the distribution of tick species in cattle. The objective of this study was to morphologically identify the ticks that infest cattle in the northern region of the country, including the regions of: Tumbes, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Cajamarca, Amazonas, San Martín and Loreto; in its different altitudinal floors. Specimens were collected from animals located in cattle ranches, each sample was stored in 70% alcohol and taken for later identification to the Parasitology Laboratory of the Faculty of Zootechnics of the La Molina National Agrarian University. For the identification of the species, taxonomic keys with characteristics of each species of tick were used. The most prevalent tick species in cattle in the northern region of the country was R. microplus (90.1%), followed by O. megnini (5.9%), R. sanguineus (1.1%), D. nites (0.6%), Ixodes sp. (0.4%), A. triste (0.2%), A. tigrinum (0.2%) and A. sculptum (0.1%). These last two were found restricted to the Chala natural region (0-500 masl), and A. triste to Quechua (2300-3500 masl). Likewise, the presence of O. megnini, D. nites and Ixodes spp was not observed at altitudes higher than 89 masl. The species that showed a greater adaptation to different altitudinal floors were R. microplus and R. sanguinius. The results showed that the distribution of the tick species maintains a relationship with the geographical conditions, although some species have developed a high adaptation capacity.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Zootecnia. Departamento Académico de Nutrición
Keywords
Ganado bovino; Metastigmata; Identificación; Infestación; Plaga; Perú; Garrapatas; Región norte
Citation
Date
2023
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