Condición del pastizal, capacidad de carga ecológica y balance forrajero de vicuñas en la Reserva Nacional Pampa Galeras
Loading...
Código QR
Authors
Zárate Díaz, Remzi Foresto
Contact Email
Abstract
La Reserva Nacional Pampa Galeras Bárbara D´Achille, con una extensión aproximada de 22,231 hectáreas, está compuesta principalmente por pastizales de puna y ha desempeñado un papel fundamental en la recuperación de la población de vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) de la extinción. Esta reserva se divide en dos zonas: la zona Rígida, con una superficie total de 7,932 hectáreas, y la zona de Amortiguamiento, que abarca 14,299 hectáreas. El propósito de este estudio fue estimar la capacidad de carga ecológica de la reserva mediante un modelo logístico y su relación con el estatus ecológico de los pastizales a través del análisis del balance forrajero. Además, se implementó un sistema de Unidad de Respuesta Ecológica (URE) para establecer un sistema de evaluación y monitoreo de la salud y condición de los pastizales, que podría servir como modelo para otras Áreas Nacionales Protegidas destinadas a la conservación de la vicuña. Se identificaron un total de 15 UREs dentro del área rígida mediante trabajo de campo y análisis de información espacial. Los resultados indicaron que los pastizales están en un proceso evidente de degradación con un 86 % de las UREs en condición pobre y 40 % con tendencia negativa y presencia de plantas en pedestal sugiriendo que algunas UREs habrían superado el umbral abiótico y la necesidad de implementar prácticas de conservación del suelo. El análisis de la capacidad de sustentación del área rígida reveló que la carga ecológica (Ck = 3763 UV; 0.47 UV/Ha/año) obtenida a partir de la dinámica poblacional estuvo por debajo de la carga actual basada en la condición del pastizal (Cp = 4982 UV; 0.6 UV/Ha/año) y que cuando Ck sobrepasa Cp la tasa de crecimiento disminuye y la mortalidad aumenta notablemente. Los resultados revelan también que factores asociados a la competencia con animales domésticos, enfermedades, presencia de predadores y mal manejo de los pastizales estarían actuando como factores limitantes. Se recomienda establecer un sistema de monitoreo basado en áreas clave y de referencia.
The Pampa Galeras Bárbara D´Achille National Reserve, with an area of approximately 22,231 hectares, is composed mainly of puna grasslands and has played a fundamental role in the recovery of the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) population from extinction. This reserve is divided into two zones: the Rigid Zone, with a total area of 7,932 hectares, and the Buffer Zone, which covers 14,299 hectares. The purpose of this study was to estimate the ecological carrying capacity of the reserve using a logistic model and its relationship with the ecological status of the grasslands through the analysis of the forage balance. In addition, an Ecological Response Unit (ERU) system was implemented to establish a system for evaluating and monitoring the health and condition of the grasslands, which could serve as a model for other National Protected Areas aimed at the conservation of the vicuña. A total of 15 UREs were identified within the rigid area through field work and spatial data analysis. The results indicated that the grasslands are in an evident process of degradation with 86 % of the UREs in poor condition and 40 % with a negative trend and presence of pedestal plants suggesting that some UREs have exceeded the abiotic threshold and the need to implement soil conservation practices. The analysis of the carrying capacity of the rigid area revealed that the ecological load (Ck = 3763 UV; 0.47 UV/Ha/year) obtained from the population dynamics was below the current load based on the condition of the grassland (Cp = 4982 UV; 0.6 UV/Ha/year) and that when Ck exceeds Cp the growth rate decreases and mortality increases significantly. The results also reveal that factors associated with competition with domestic animals, diseases, the presence of predators and poor grassland management would be acting as limiting factors. It is recommended to establish a monitoring system based on key and reference areas.
The Pampa Galeras Bárbara D´Achille National Reserve, with an area of approximately 22,231 hectares, is composed mainly of puna grasslands and has played a fundamental role in the recovery of the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna mensalis) population from extinction. This reserve is divided into two zones: the Rigid Zone, with a total area of 7,932 hectares, and the Buffer Zone, which covers 14,299 hectares. The purpose of this study was to estimate the ecological carrying capacity of the reserve using a logistic model and its relationship with the ecological status of the grasslands through the analysis of the forage balance. In addition, an Ecological Response Unit (ERU) system was implemented to establish a system for evaluating and monitoring the health and condition of the grasslands, which could serve as a model for other National Protected Areas aimed at the conservation of the vicuña. A total of 15 UREs were identified within the rigid area through field work and spatial data analysis. The results indicated that the grasslands are in an evident process of degradation with 86 % of the UREs in poor condition and 40 % with a negative trend and presence of pedestal plants suggesting that some UREs have exceeded the abiotic threshold and the need to implement soil conservation practices. The analysis of the carrying capacity of the rigid area revealed that the ecological load (Ck = 3763 UV; 0.47 UV/Ha/year) obtained from the population dynamics was below the current load based on the condition of the grassland (Cp = 4982 UV; 0.6 UV/Ha/year) and that when Ck exceeds Cp the growth rate decreases and mortality increases significantly. The results also reveal that factors associated with competition with domestic animals, diseases, the presence of predators and poor grassland management would be acting as limiting factors. It is recommended to establish a monitoring system based on key and reference areas.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Producción Animal
Keywords
Vicuña
Citation
Date
2025
Collections
Seleccionar año de consulta:
Licencia de uso

Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess