Manejo integrado de plagas en cultivo de granado (Punica granatum L.) cv. Wonderful en la pampa de Villacurí, Ica, Perú
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Authors
Gutiérrez Tapia, Juan Carlos
Abstract
El siguiente trabajo da a conocer el manejo de control de plagas del cultivo de granado variedad Wonderful en la pampa de Villacurí en el distrito de Salas perteneciente al departamento de Ica. El marco de plantación corresponde a un distanciamiento entre plantas de 3 metros, dentro de una misma hilera, y un distanciamiento de hileras de 5 metros; las principales plagas que afectan en mayor medida dicho cultivo son: Planococcus citri, Thrips tabaci, Chloridea virescens y Ceratitis capitata. Y las plagas secundarias, las cuales tienen un menor impacto en las plantas, son: Myzus persicae, Bemisia tabaci, Oligonynchus punicae; Alternaria alternata, Melioidogyne spp y Cylindrocarpon spp., estas plagas aparecen en ciertas etapas fenológicas de la plantación, siendo las etapas más críticas aquellas cercanas a la cosecha, ya que la finalidad del control fitosanitario es llegar a esta época con el mínimo número posible en población de plagas. Las metodologías utilizadas para el control de plagas consisten en monitorear el impacto de las mismas, en términos de nivel de infestación y porcentaje de órganos infestados en el cultivo, los resultados son analizados y comparados con datos anteriores y de acuerdo al umbral de acción, se realizará el control respectivo. Las estrategias de control utilizadas son: culturales, etológicas, biológicas, mecánicas, físicas y químicas. Dentro de estas estrategias, las más utilizadas son el manejo del follaje, mediante podas sanitarias, guiado de ramas y guiado de frutos, utilización de trampas de luz, plásticas, uso de feromonas, eliminación manual de las plagas y/o órganos infestados y como última alternativa el uso de agroquímicos. Finalmente se realiza una evaluación posterior a las estrategias de control para comprobar la efectividad de las mismas.
The following work presents the pest control management of the wonderful variety pomegranate crop in the Villacurí pampa in the Salas district belonging to the department of Ica. The planting framework corresponds to a distance between plants of 3 meters, within the same row, and a distance between rows of 5 meters; The main pests that affect this crop to a greater extent are: Planococcus citri, Thrips tabaci, Chloridea virescens and Ceratitis capitata. And the secondary pests, which have a lesser impact on the plants, are: Myzus persicae, Bemisia tabaci, Oligonynchus punicae; Alternaria alternata, Melioidogyne spp and Cylindrocarpon spp., these pests appear in certain phenological stages of the plantation, the most critical stages being those close to harvest, since the purpose of phytosanitary control is to reach this time with the minimum possible number in pest population. The methodologies used for pest control consist of monitoring their impact, in terms of level of infestation and percentage of infested organs in the crop, the results are analyzed and compared with previous data and according to the action threshold, will carry out the respective control. The control strategies used are: cultural, ethological, biological, mechanical, physical and chemical. Within these strategies, the most used are the management of foliage, through sanitary pruning, guidance of branches and guidance of fruits, use of light traps, plastic ones, use of pheromones, manual elimination of pests and/or infested organs and how last alternative the use of agrochemicals. Finally, a subsequent evaluation of the control strategies is carried out to verify their effectiveness.
The following work presents the pest control management of the wonderful variety pomegranate crop in the Villacurí pampa in the Salas district belonging to the department of Ica. The planting framework corresponds to a distance between plants of 3 meters, within the same row, and a distance between rows of 5 meters; The main pests that affect this crop to a greater extent are: Planococcus citri, Thrips tabaci, Chloridea virescens and Ceratitis capitata. And the secondary pests, which have a lesser impact on the plants, are: Myzus persicae, Bemisia tabaci, Oligonynchus punicae; Alternaria alternata, Melioidogyne spp and Cylindrocarpon spp., these pests appear in certain phenological stages of the plantation, the most critical stages being those close to harvest, since the purpose of phytosanitary control is to reach this time with the minimum possible number in pest population. The methodologies used for pest control consist of monitoring their impact, in terms of level of infestation and percentage of infested organs in the crop, the results are analyzed and compared with previous data and according to the action threshold, will carry out the respective control. The control strategies used are: cultural, ethological, biological, mechanical, physical and chemical. Within these strategies, the most used are the management of foliage, through sanitary pruning, guidance of branches and guidance of fruits, use of light traps, plastic ones, use of pheromones, manual elimination of pests and/or infested organs and how last alternative the use of agrochemicals. Finally, a subsequent evaluation of the control strategies is carried out to verify their effectiveness.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de Entomología
Keywords
Manejo de plagas
Citation
Date
2024
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