Estimación de algunos parámetros genéticos y fenotípicos en alpacas de raza Wacaya
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Authors
Mamani Choque, Gerardo Godofredo
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Abstract
El objetivo fue estimar parámetros genéticos y fenotípicos en alpacas de la raza Wacaya. Esta investigación fue desarrollada en el Centro Experimental La Raya de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano (Puno, Perú), dichas hembras fueron manejadas bajo un sistema extensivo en la Puna Húmeda altoandina, a más de 4,300 m.s.n.m. La investigación abordó características productivas de alta relevancia económica: peso al nacimiento, peso al destete, peso a la primera esquila, peso de vellón y longitud de mecha. La heredabilidad (h²), estimada mediante la regresión cría-madre, presentó valores de 0.17 ± 0.16 (peso al nacimiento), 0.73 ± 0.36 (peso al destete), 0.62 ± 0.48 (peso a la primera esquila), 0.38 ± 0.34 (peso de vellón) y 0.43 ± 0.39 (longitud de mecha), indicando un importante componente genético aditivo en la variación observada. Los índices de repetibilidad, calculados a partir de mediciones sucesivas, fueron 0.73 ± 0.04 (peso vivo), 0.55 ± 0.04 (peso de vellón) y 0.63 ± 0.03 (longitud de mecha), reflejando la consistencia fenotípica entre evaluaciones repetidas. Las correlaciones fenotípicas oscilaron de moderadas a bajas entre las distintas variables, destacando las asociaciones entre peso al nacimiento y peso al destete (0.41), y entre peso al destete y peso a la primera esquila (0.84), mientras que la correlación genética entre peso vivo y peso de vellón a la primera esquila fue de 0.39 ± 0.23. En conclusión, estos resultados proveen información importante para el diseño de programas de selección orientados al mejoramiento genético en alpacas Wacaya, bajo condiciones específicas de los sistemas pastoriles altoandinos, donde la productividad está fuertemente condicionada por factores genéticos, ambientales y de manejo.
This study was conducted at the La Raya Experimental Center of the National University of the Altiplano (Puno, Peru), with the objective of estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters in Wacaya alpacas managed under an extensive production system in the humid high-altitude puna, at over 4,300 meters above sea level. The research focused on productive traits of high economic importance: birth weight, weaning weight, live weight at first shearing, fleece weight, and staple length. Heritability (h²), estimated through offspring parent regression, yielded values of 0.17 ± 0.16 for birth weight, 0.73 ± 0.36 for weaning weight, 0.62 ± 0.48 for weight at first shearing, 0.38 ± 0.34 for fleece weight, and 0.43 ± 0.39 for staple length, indicating a significant additive genetic contribution to the observed variation. Repeatability coefficients, derived from repeated measurements, were 0.73 ± 0.04 for live weight, 0.55 ± 0.04 for fleece weight, and 0.63 ± 0.03 for staple length, reflecting phenotypic consistency across successive evaluations. Phenotypic correlations ranged from moderate to low among traits, with notable associations between birth weight and weaning weight (r = 0.41), and between weaning weight and weight at first shearing (r = 0.84). The genetic correlation between live weight and fleece weight was moderate (rg = 0.39 ± 0.23). These results provide valuable information for the design of selection strategies aimed at genetic improvement of Wacaya alpacas under the specific environmental and management constraints of high-altitude Andean pastoral systems.
This study was conducted at the La Raya Experimental Center of the National University of the Altiplano (Puno, Peru), with the objective of estimating genetic and phenotypic parameters in Wacaya alpacas managed under an extensive production system in the humid high-altitude puna, at over 4,300 meters above sea level. The research focused on productive traits of high economic importance: birth weight, weaning weight, live weight at first shearing, fleece weight, and staple length. Heritability (h²), estimated through offspring parent regression, yielded values of 0.17 ± 0.16 for birth weight, 0.73 ± 0.36 for weaning weight, 0.62 ± 0.48 for weight at first shearing, 0.38 ± 0.34 for fleece weight, and 0.43 ± 0.39 for staple length, indicating a significant additive genetic contribution to the observed variation. Repeatability coefficients, derived from repeated measurements, were 0.73 ± 0.04 for live weight, 0.55 ± 0.04 for fleece weight, and 0.63 ± 0.03 for staple length, reflecting phenotypic consistency across successive evaluations. Phenotypic correlations ranged from moderate to low among traits, with notable associations between birth weight and weaning weight (r = 0.41), and between weaning weight and weight at first shearing (r = 0.84). The genetic correlation between live weight and fleece weight was moderate (rg = 0.39 ± 0.23). These results provide valuable information for the design of selection strategies aimed at genetic improvement of Wacaya alpacas under the specific environmental and management constraints of high-altitude Andean pastoral systems.
Description
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en
Producción Animal
Keywords
Alpaca
Citation
Date
2025
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Excepto si se señala otra cosa, la licencia del ítem se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

